Attitudes Toward HIV Testing and Intended Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescents in South Africa | Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Agency Among Married Women and Girls in the Philippines

Yoshioka, Emily

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Overview

Year:: 2020
Contributor:: Yoshioka, Emily (creator); Operario, Don (Advisor); Nazareno, Jennifer (Reader); Brown University. Behavioral and Social Sciences Department (sponsor)
Genre:: theses
Subject:: Qualitative research; Pre-exposure prophylaxis; Quantitative research; South Africa; Philippines; Intimate partner violence; women and girls; sexual agency; Condom use; HIV testing; adolescent engagement
Extent:: v, 54 p.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26300/xxdh-hd04

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Abstract:: Abstract of “I’m Doing This Test so I Can Benefit from PrEP”: Attitudes Toward HIV Testing and Intended Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescents in South Africa, by Emily Yoshioka, Degree M.P.H., Brown University, May 2020. In South Africa, adolescents and young people (aged less than 25 years old) are a key population in the HIV epidemic and stand to benefit from oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Because HIV testing is an integral component of the PrEP continuum and adolescents in South Africa have generally low HIV testing rates, HIV testing attitudes and behavior must be understood in order to implement PrEP. 10 focus groups with adolescents living with and without HIV, and 60 in-depth interviews with service providers and adolescents living with and without HIV were conducted from 2015-2016 in Western Cape, South Africa. Data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis to understand the dynamics by which South African adolescents’ attitudes toward HIV testing might influence intended uptake of PrEP, as well as explore implications of adolescents’ PrEP awareness for HIV testing. Three themes were identified: barriers to HIV testing could present barriers to PrEP initiation for adolescents in South Africa, PrEP is a prevention strategy that can transform behavior and attitudes towards HIV testing, and uptake of PrEP could also synergistically increase HIV testing. While current HIV testing attitudes and behavior present barriers to intended PrEP initiation, integration of PrEP into South African adolescents’ HIV prevention toolkit has great potential to increase HIV testing rates and decrease stigma and fear around HIV testing. Implementation of PrEP must be tailored to differences in barriers to HIV testing between boys and girls. As PrEP becomes more widely available, predicted challenges may include the potential for adolescents to stop HIV testing while on PrEP and to share and/or steal PrEP medication from peers. Abstract of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Agency Among Married Women and Girls in the Philippines: 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey, by Emily Yoshioka, Degree M.P.H., Brown University, May 2020. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an issue impacting women and girls worldwide and may have implications for women’s ability to negotiate sexual relations with their male partners. In the Philippines, women and girls face high rates of IPV. This study explored the relationship between experiences of IPV and women and girls’ ability to negotiate sexual relations with their husband or partner in the Philippines. Using a nationally representative sample (n=11,727) from the 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey, we conducted six multivariable regression analyses to examine the relationships between women and girls’ experiences of sexual, physical, or emotional violence in their current marriage or partnership and their ability to refuse sex or ask their partner to use a condom during sex. In adjusted models, participants’ ability to ask their partner to use a condom during sex was significantly lower among those who had experienced sexual (OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.50, 0.92; p<0.05) or emotional violence (OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.58, 0.81; p<0.05). Additionally, participants who believed that a husband or partner can be justified in hitting or beating their wife were significantly less likely to refuse sex with their partner (p<0.05 in all models) or to request condom use during sex (p<0.05 in all models excluding emotional violence). Physical violence was not associated with participants’ ability to ask their partner to use a condom during sex. Sexual, physical, or emotional violence were not associated with ability to refuse sex. These findings contribute to the body of literature linking IPV and women and girls’ ability to negotiate sexual relations, suggesting that IPV prevention may have important implications for women and girls’ sexual health and empowerment in the Philippines.
Notes:: Thesis (M. P. H.)--Brown University, 2020

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Citation

Yoshioka, Emily, "Attitudes Toward HIV Testing and Intended Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescents in South Africa | Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Agency Among Married Women and Girls in the Philippines" (2020). Public Health Theses and Dissertations. Brown Digital Repository. Brown University Library. https://doi.org/10.26300/xxdh-hd04

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Public Health Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations for the Public Health department.
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