Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses

Puckett, Sabrina D.

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Year:: 2009
Contributor:: Puckett, Sabrina D. (creator); Webster, Thomas (director); Hoffman-Kim, Diane (reader); Tripathi, Anubhav (reader); Sheldon, Brian (reader); Meyer, Donna (reader); Brown University. Biomedical Engineering (sponsor)
Genre:: theses
Subject:: nanofabrication; in vivo; Nanotechnology; Bone; Skin; Titanium
Extent:: xxxvi, 371 p.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0222S13

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Abstract:: Two major concerns with intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses (ITAP) are lack of integration between the bone and metal interface and poor skin growth around the exit site of the Ti abutment. Thus, the objective of this study involved the development of nanostructured materials to improve bone and skin tissue growth around the implant surface thereby providing better solutions for the restoration of limb function. To improve the interface between the Ti surface and bone, linear nanopatterned surfaces were fabricated on titanium using electron beam evaporation. This design was motivated by the idea that natural bone possesses highly organized nanostructures (such as Type I collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals). Results of this study revealed that Ti nanopatterns enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation (including alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and collagen synthesis) of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) compared to conventional Ti surfaces. Furthermore, it was found that the size of the nanopatterns affected osteoblast behavior suggesting there are optimal conditions for improving bone growth. To improve skin growth around the Ti surface, nanotubular Ti surfaces were created using anodization as well as nanorough Ti created using electron beam evaporation. Results indicated that keratinocyte (skin-forming cell) proliferation and morphology was better on the nanorough Ti surfaces. Functionalizing these surfaces with proteins (fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)) further enhanced keratinocyte adhesion, offering additional design criteria to improve skin growth around the Ti abutment. With infection a major failure mode for ITAP devices, bacteria studies were completed. It was found that bacteria adhered less to the nanorough Ti surfaces compared to conventional Ti surfaces as well as nanotubular and nanotextured surfaces. Lastly, an in vivo study of a model ITAP device was completed in rats. It was found that bone and skin growth were improved on these nanofabricated Ti6Al4V surfaces compared to current conventional Ti6Al4V surfaces. Therefore, results of this in vitro and in vivo study provided surfaces created through novel nanofabrication methods (including electron beam evaporation and anodization) that lead to better osseointegration and skin growth around the Ti implant, thereby improving the function of ITAP for individuals with limb trauma.
Notes:: Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Brown University (2010)

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Rights: In Copyright
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Puckett, Sabrina D., "Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses" (2009). Biomedical Engineering Theses and Dissertations. Brown Digital Repository. Brown University Library. https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0222S13

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Biomedical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations for the Biomedical Engineering department.
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