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THE
A WEEKLY
REVIEW
10]
OF POLITICS, LITERATURE, AND ART
THURSDAY,
Vol. No. 747 new series IV. No.
DEC. 31, 1908
[registered at G.P.O.] ONE PENNY
CONTENTS.
... ... .. . ... NOTES OF THE WEEK . . . IF THE KING TURNED CYNIC. By Victor Grayson, M.P.... By L. F. ARBITRATION-COMPULSORY AND EFFECTIVE. SOCIALISM
PAGE
193 195
... . .. TRAFFIC.-III. by Cecil .. . ... Chesterton ... . .. ... THE OLD AND THE NEW. By Lewis Richardson . . . . THE DEATH OF FABIUS MAXIMUS. By Ashley Dukes. . . . . .. ... MORAL MYOPIA. By Douglas Blackburn. By W. D. Herron. ... To THE REJECTED OF THE WORLD. Salzmann.
AND THE DRINK
. ..
196
197 198 199
200 201
THE BEAUTY OF POVERTY. By ... .. . .. . .. . . . . 202 THE SHAWBAX. By G. K. Chesterton. ... ... . . . 203 To ANY LEADER-WRITER. By Mary E. Gawthorpe . . . 204 BOOKS AND PERSONS. By Jacob Tonson. .. . . . . 207 BOOK OF THE WEEK : Ludovici’s Nietzsche. By J. M. Kennedy ... ... :. . .. . . . . 208 REVIEWS : Philanthropy of the State ::: ... . . . 208 A Royal Quartette. ... ... ... ... . . . 209 WIND
David
INSTRUMENTS
Lowe.
AND
PAGE
CORRESPONDENCE.
...
...
...
..
.. .
210
dressed to the Manager,
ALL
BUSINESS
140, Fleet Street, London.
COMMUNICATIONS
should be ad-
All EDITORIAL matter should reach the Editor by Saturday at latest for the following week’s issue, and should be addressed to 1 & 2, Took’s Court, Furnival Street, London. ADVERTISEMENTS: The latest time for receiving Advertisements isfirst post Monday for the same week’s issue. ‘SUBSCRIPTION RATES for England and Abroad : Three months , , . . 1S. 9d. Six months . , . 3s. 3d. 6s. 6d. Twelve months All remittances should be made’payable to The NEW AGE PRESS, ,LTD., and sent to 140, Fleet Street, London. The circulation of THE NEW AGE last week was 23,500 copies.
unskilled occupation. It is essential that the action of the State towards its own workmen receive the earnest attention of Socialists ; we should welcome a tract on the State as Model Employer. * * * There is. more joy over ‘one sinner that repentethsometimes, for it dependeth much on the form the repentance doth take. The L.C.C. has at last voted £10,000 from the rates for dinners to the necessitous school children. This is, of course, a long way from the half-penny rate which the Council can put in force under the Act. Still London is coming into line with the 68 other local authorities that are already attempting to grapple with the question of hungry school children. We agree with Mr. Peel, the Moderate leader, who said it was a hard measure to place this charge on the rates. The proper feeding of the children should be part of our system of education ; the dinner-hour should be reckoned as school attendance. It is even more important that children be elegantly and luxuriously fed at tables bearing the appurtenances of civilised life than that they be taught, say, parsing. But Socialists have always insisted that it is not a charge to be borne by the ratepayers but to be paid by Imperial taxationout of the unearned increment. the Meanwhile, though the L.C.C. has voted £10,000, Socialists must not lessen their demand, first made a live question by the S.D.P., for the proper feeding of school children. In London everything remains to be done. There is no proper organisation for dealing with this question ; in most localities there are neither rooms in the schools nor outside, which are immediately available. We badly want a pamphlet showing in detail how school-feeding is to be done in London, making use of the available material. We do hope that school-feeding will soon be quite general ; no amount of proper food in adult life will ever make up for the injuries inflicted by starving the young organism. One thing must be avoided, and that is to allow hard-worked teachers out of their scanty leisure to be voluntary helpers. It is bad enough to have diseased children, we do not want broken-down teachers as well. We insist on this because wealthy people, with abundance of leisure, have ever a pretty way of being charitable at the expense of people who have their living to earn by hard work. * + * It is criminal even to think of putting further work on the already overburdened and exhausted elementary school teachers. They should be prohibited from volunteering to assist at the children’s feeding. Their hours of work, which are at least six hours, may not seem very many to the uninitiated. But there is nothing so exhausting to mind and body as school teaching. To add to the incessant strain upon the mental and physical organs there is the wretched, stuffy atmo-
NOTES OF THE WEEK.
of the methods adopted by the Government for solving the unemployed question is to continue disDr. Gilbert charging men from Woolwich Arsenal. Committee at Chairman of the Discharges Slater, Woolwich, states that “ the number of men discharged from Woolwich under Mr. Haldane’s administration to October 12th, 1908, was 3,187.” Out of these 3,187 no less than 1,330 have been dismen discharged, charged since the date when Mr. Haldane, speaking in the House of Commons and to a deputation from Woolwich, gave repeated and solemn assurances that discharges were practically at an end, and at the very utmost would not extend beyond a further 200 men. The Government is thus treating its workmen like the very worst type of employer, instead of, as we might expect even from a Liberal Government, attempting to If it put its workers in the most favoured conditions. were a question of dispensing with some of the highlypaid and salaried officials, we know very well they But because there is no would be decently pensioned. immediate use for the services of men who receive wages they are remorselessly driven out into the streets to swell the ranks of the unemployed. We maintain that if there is no work for the ‘men in the Arsenal the State must provide them with a free pension until their services are again required, or until other work is In any case they have to be maintained, and found. it is not an economic advantage to the State that they In this case it is not be first driven into the streets. Dr. Slater points out even true that there is no work. that whilst the Arsenal price for cordite is 1s. 3½d. given outside at per lb., orders have been recently against Mr. 1S. 9¼d., nor is this the whole indictment Haldane’s administration of the Arsenal. Last week we printed a letter on the evils of the employment of boy labourers when they are turned adrift without a Mr. Haldane turns every lad of 21 out of the trade. Arsenal, so that the youth may fall into some kind of
ONE
DECEMBER 31, 1908
sphere of the class-rooms and, above all, the overcrowdThe one and a half hours’ dinner ing of the classes. interval-it comes to no more in practice--is scarcely If the time is sufficient to recover the jaded system. to be occupied by helping with the dinners the teacher will be utterly unable to cope with his teaching. He will become a simple machine for the preservation of discipline, and instead of inducing the child to unfold, he will be perforce content to thrust his own personality into the young receptive thing. The situation could to some extent be met by increasing the staff so that the teacher‘s attendance at dinner-time would be counted as ordinary work, and he would either As we have suggested, the come later or leave earlier. proper feeding should be reckoned part of the school curriculum, and counted as attendance. * * -x The This is the season for valiant resolutions. Government has made many ; it is going to do all kinds It will settle of wonderful things in the next session. the Unemployed question ; it will squash the House of Lords ; it will present a thoroughly democratic Budget ; it will abolish. the censorship of plays in its present This does not mean that the stage will be form. treated as quite grown-up, for the “Daily News ” can gravely fells us : “No sane person of maturity doubt that a certain supervision of theatrical performances, from a moral standpoint, is in the present undeveloped state of human nature an absolute necessity. ” Trust the People-just as far as you can see them, is the new version of Liberal democracy. Why to itself the right should the “Daily News ” arrogate to supervise the morals of other people? We do not approve of much that is written in the “Daily News.” Yet we do not suggest any censorship of its columns before the paper is published. We recognise that there is to-day a public which is even amused by its anecdotes of the day, and which is inspired by its recognition of Lord Morley as an Indian reformer. Dramatic authors can be trusted to injure morality, “in the present undeveloped state of human nature,” quite as little as journalists. They raise no objection against submitting themselves to exactly the same supervision. But we wish they had a little more pluck. Could they not form a Trades Union, and go on strike till the absurd regulations are abolished, for we need scarcely say we put not our faith in Liberal Governments. They will not provide liberal measures. One of the last it rushed through Parliament was Lord Robert Cecil’s Bill for the more efficient protection of Cabinet Ministers and politicians at public meetings. With what rapidity any measure of coercion is carried through the House ! When it comes to Unemployment Bills-next session is the invariable answer. + * * The British Constitution Association has been spending the Christmas holidays in the good old British Constitutional manner. Sir W. Chance and Mr. Mark H. Judge have nobly come to the rescue of their country. They assure us that, in their opinion, the present position is not incapable of remedy. We may go a-Christmassing, but they are looking after us-the noble patriots ! But what an extraordinary nation ours is-or, rather, would be--were it not for Sir W. Chance and Mr. Mark H. Judge. Solemnly shaking- their wise old heads, they inform us that their Association was formed to avoid, what our nation always dislikes, extremes of doctrinaire opinions. If it had not been for these two valiant patriots the British nation would apparently have embarked on what it always dislikes. We gave the British people credit for some common sense, and we never would have thought of organising an association to prevent it doing what it dislikes. There is nothing doctrinaire about Sir W. Chance and Mr. Mark H. Judge. They are convinced that the chief remedies for our social ills are “adherence to the constitutional principles of liberty and personal responsibility “; relianceon “the security for lawful enterprise and on the liberty and responsibility of the individual citizen ” ; “better and more thorough administration of the Poor Law,” and belief “in the equitable and expansive qualities of our present civilisation. ” We like such simple people ourselves. Bless their simple hearts and touching faith in the expansive qualities of our present civilisation, aided by the British Constitution Association. The British constitution is often like that, however, after an extra glass or two of good old port. It will be quite well again, thank you, after a blue pill and a seidlitz powder. * * * Professor Shipley has written very learnedly about rats and their animal parasites. It is doubtless quite exciting to talk about the Loemopsylla cheopis and the Ctenocephalus canis, and all the other uncles, cousins, and aunts of the Siphonaptera (called by the vulgar, fleas). Just as conversing with the great not seldom turns a man’s head, familiarity with such big words has quite upset the Cambridge zoologist. It is one of the devices of the small fry of scientists,-such as our Universities grow in some abundance-to coin a big word for whatever passes their comprehension, and then think everything is explained. It need scarcely be added that they are for ever occupied in coining big words. Women have not adopted militant tactics, have not interrupted meetings, have not undergone imprisonment, have not suffered the sneers and jibes of the narrow-minded and spiteful, because they wanted the vote as a symbol of sex equality. They are only affected with “Tarantism ” says the Professor. That explains everything. It’s an infectious disease, like my own malady, lipocephalitis, so common at my University, and imparted by me to scores of my students. “ Tarantism,” as an explanation of the Woman’s Suffrage movement, was itself explained by Molière :Mihi à docto Dodore Domandatur causam et rationem quare Opium facit dormire. A quot respondeo Quia est in eo Virtus dormitiva Cujus est natura Sensus assonpire. However, perchance the Professor cannot spell, and he only meant to write about “ Tantrumism.” + * + comment the vulgar, We cannot pass without malignant attack that Mrs. Dawson, makes upon the leaders of the W.S.P.U. in the “Clarion ” “ Woman Worker.” It is the first time and within our recollection that the pages of the “ Clarion ” have ever been sullied by merely personal Exposed, as Robert Blatchford has been, to abuse. the foulest slanders throughout his career, never has he retaliated in kind. It hurts us to find in Robert Blatchford’s paper such scurrility as Mrs. Dawson indulges in. Who, then, is Mrs. Dawson that she should sneer at the Pankhursts and Pethick Lawrences as Does Mrs. Dawson belong either to the middle-class? aristocracy or to the working classes herself? To insinuate that a woman like Mrs. Pankhurst knows nothing and cares nothing about the working classes and about Socialism is demonstrably untrue. Mrs. Pankhurst has toured and travelled and spoken for Socialism through long years without seeking distincMrs. Dawson tells us she writes the tion or reward. truth so far as she knows it. That is not sufficient for a Socialist writer-who must take the greatest pains to find out what is the truth before writing about anything. The Pethick Lawrences, it is common knowledge, have not stinted money nor work in the suffrage movement, nor has their financial help been denied in undertaking. Why should Mrs. many a Socialist EmPethick Lawrence not “ wear a most bewitching Why should Annie pire gown l ’ if she so desire? Kenney not be “also in Empire gown of white silk “? Mrs. Dawson flings a general indictment at the working-class women in the movement who have the misfortune not to be as well off as herself : “Hitherto the matter has puzzled me. It has been easy to understand, of course, that the prospect of a trip to London with all expenses paid, and a good deal of excitement
DECEMBER
31,
1908
THE
NEW
AGE
195
thrown in, is an irresistible attraction to poor women in the provinces. It is a matter of no surprise to anybody that that bait has lured hundreds and, maybe, thousands. ” Her language is just what we Socialists have often had to complain of when used by the writers Express ” kind of papers. We have on the “Daily been so often called paid agitators, and charged with using the workers as our tools that it is with a snap of unpleasant surprise that we find a Socialist writer using this argument against women who have certainly proved their earnestness and zeal. Would that we could imbue the Socialists with something more of the energy shown by the militant suffragettes, for. whilst we do not wholly favour their politics, we admire their methods. Surely there is room for honest difference of opinion without resorting to Mrs. Dawson’s innuendoes. It is so easy to retort in similar language. * + * At last we have a Socialist in the House of Lords, and one who is not afraid of his convictions. The labourers on the Eaton estate have been systematically and regularly underpaid in their weekly wages on the tacit understanding that they would receive a pension when past work. The Duke of Westminster has just sent a notice to such pensioners as are over seventy that he no longer believes in private enterprise ; he is a convert to State action. But let us print the notice :“The Government scheme of pensions takes effect on the first of January next, and as you are entitled to benefit by it, I am desired to inform you that you should apply at once for a pension, as the shillings per week now allowed you by his Grace will not be paid to you after the end of this year.-Cecil T. Parker.” No doubt the wicked, extravagant old people thought they would get the old age pension as well as the one to which they were entitled by the understood bargain. They probably expected “his Grace ” would never fail to carry out a contract, even though it were an unwritten one. They did not understand that “his Grace” was a modern invention-standing for State action, and does not believe in individual enterprise-not even to the tune of a few shillings a week out of a fortune of some £14,000,000. “ His Grace ” disbelieves in all the old-fashioned feudal nonsense, noblesse oblige, and the rest of it. His is the modern huckstering business man’s point of view. We are sure that “his Grace ” is an advocate of Land Nationalisation and of a tax of 20s. in the pound on unearned incomes. A little hard on the old people, you say. Of course no reform can be made without several suffering a little. Besides, like all recent converts, “his Grace ” is doubtless rather jealous and somewhat ruthless. But he means it as an example of the way he prefers to be treated when the State enquires about “his Grace’s ” pension and the services rendered to “his Grace’s ” country. 3c + 6 What shall we do with our headmasters? They are such incompetent, stupid ninnies, either absolutely ignorant of the world they ‘live in or else Pecksniffs beyond all endurance. Dr. James, the headmaster of Rugby, has discovered that the decay of modern. statesmanship, oratory, poetry, and fiction-and he should have added headmastership-is due to the- neglect of Greek. We know not with what golden age Dr. James was comparing the present day. We do not suppose he knew himself ; but we know that there was never a time when the average public school boy had any profit of his Greek. But a select few ever advance sufficiently to construe a Greek author without a “crib.” The smattering of Greek grammar the majority so painfully acquired was forgotten a month after school was left. Dr. James is the worst advocate of his cause we have A study of the classics has not helped him to met. think, but has merely helped him to a nice fat income and the power to compel unfortunate youths to listen whilst he gabbles egregious nonsense: Some other headmasters were for substituting German, some others science. It really matters little what they teach in the public schools ; the headmasters will see to it that the education imparted shall be thoughtless, useless, and
just sufficient to make the boys into English gentlemen, depriving them of any interest in the adventurous world in which they sojourn.
If the King turned Cynic.
A Most Ungracious Speech.
MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,It is with much gratification that I am able to inform you that my relations with foreign Powers continue for the moment to be friendly. My celebrated entente cementing crusade has resulted even beyond my anticipations in the most cordial emotions of brotherhood and love between the Great Powers. As the result of important agreements with foreign Governments, many causes of contention have been removed, and my people have preserved their traditional prerogatives at the International Trough. stimulus to cosmopolitan Meanwhile, as a subsidiary fraternity, the Navy is being maintained in a high state
Forces of the Crown proceeds apace. prevailed over parts of The famine that unhappily India, whose effects were happily confined to the natives thereof, was borne with great courage and selfreliance. In fact, my more loyal subjects gave every indication of rather liking it. I deeply regret that a number of distasteful and evil disposed persons declined to take the situation lying, down, so to speak, and by their execrable agitation have disturbed the grateful though indigent tranquillity of my Indian dominions. This has necessitated strong measures of an exceptional nature. But as my officers are endeavouring to arrest and deport all the educated freedom of British traditions in India. My Commissioners will attend the International Conference at Shanghai in February to investigate the opium habit in the Far East. Having ourselves introduced it as a corollary of our Christian principles, we are experiencing great difficulty in eradicating the noxious habit. GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS,I thank you for the provision which you have made for the Services of the year. It was with much satisfaction that I gave my assent to a measure for securing better provision than the workhouse for very necessitous and very aged persons. The exquisite complexity of the administrative machinery of this measure happily relieves my Ministers, from any apprehension as to excessive expenditure on this deserving object, and the magnitude of the pension fortunately precludes the recipient from the taint of pauperisation. It will also preserve my ancient subjects from that excessive indulgence of physical appetite that has caused the downfall of so many Empires. I have also given my assent to a measure which, though known as a Coal Miners Eight Hours Bill, has been subjected’ to such mathematical revision by my Lords as to leave no reason for perturbation in the minds of my faithful coal-owners. A measure has also been sassed largely enhancing the pleasure and glamour of cigarettes to the minds of juvenile Bohemians. I have sanctioned an Act for the Prevention of Crime will enable my which, among other useful things, government to imprison habitual criminals and other inconvenient persons for an indeterminate period. To the last I regret that the things which really matter to the general well-being of my people are still being tossed about on the waves of party controversy. Unemployment and consequent starvation are still, grimly with us. And though they facilitate the successful conduct of commerce they are the cause of serious septennial hemorrhage from the tender hearts Thousands of children are still enof my statesmen. during the torment of being educated without their bodies having previously been fed. I commend you for the zeal which has characterised your protracted efforts at minute legislation. But I have doubts as to whether they will be rewarded by the
of efficiency,
and the reorganisation
of the Military
rebels, I hope soon to be able to restore the peace and
blessing of Almighty
God’.
V. G.
THE
NEW AGE
DECEMBER
31,
1908
Arbitration-Compulsory Effective*
and
PEACE has perhaps never occupied so prominent a place The burden in the mind of Europe as at the present. of immense armaments maintained to avert a menace largely hypothetical has grown intolerable. These swollen armaments might be viewed with more equanimity were they avowedly designed to crush some hated foreign nation or were the danger with which But few level-headed they are to cope more definite. men in England believe that Germany would risk enterprise of disastrous losses in the unprofitable and equally few sane men in humbling Great Britain, Germany suppose that Britain would risk weakening her own navy and make serious sacrifices of men and money for the empty pleasure of destroying the German fleet ; France, with her dwindling population, is little likely to attempt the dangerous task of recovering her are too lost provinces ; Russia and the Dual Monarchy fully occupied with domestic trouble to wish to interfere with their neighbours [events have proved otherwise], and the United States, the most threatening influence of the future, stand at present almost apart from European politics. Everywhere there is a desire for the permanence of peace, and nowhere is this more evident than in England. So long as war involved only the loss of soldiers whose ranks were drawn from the lower and their officers from the upper classes, the great middle class could accept the prospect with equanimity, but now that the reality of one war and the remote possibility of others has entailed a vast and ever-increasing expenditure, it is the middle class upon whom the strain is There has arisen a cry beginning to tell most heavily. for disarmament, and the British people, with their characteristic frankness, a frankness so genuine and so obtuse that foreigners constantly mistake it for cunning hypocrisy, have formulated the suggestion that this competition of fleet building should cease, leaving Great Britain in a stereotyped position of naval supremacy. This demand has been supported by arguments showing that for Britain to retain her place as a first-class Power at all it is absolutely essential that she should have be supreme upon the seas ; and these arguments not been answered, or even contradicted, by the other nations. some of the Continental Unfortunately, however, Powers do not seem to see any particular reason why Great Britain should retain her place as a first-class Power. It is a misfortune of our attitude that we have hitherto assumed as an axiom the importance of our own continued existence, which some ill-natured critics appear to regard as a problem demanding ample proof. If, then, we are effectually to check the rising flood of armaments we must either find some way of maintaining the status quo which shall prevent superiority on land or sea from being used to the injury of less powerful nations, or we must convince the world that our supremacy is a beneficent device of Providence. The latter task presents many difficulties, primarily Arguments demonstrating the question of language. the innate superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race, though unanswerable in English, wear a more doubtful aspect when translated into French and become positively feeble in German. There remains, then, the question whether it is possible to ensure the maintenance of the status quo, eliminating the appeal to arms and making Justice take This can be done in one way, and the place of Force. Arbitration must be made apparently in one way only. and it must be -made effective. It must compulsory, Treaties be made effective, That is the great essential,
between individual, States by which the consenting parties agree to submit their disputes to arbitration are worth no more than the paper upon which they are Suppose such a treaty to be made between written. France and Germany ; perhaps half a dozen small disputes may be settled at the Hague, or by whatever tribunal is appointed arbiter, each country obtaining a There then certain number of favourable decisions. arises a question which each considers vital to its own interests, and each country takes up a firm attitude. In the game of bridge there not infrequently arises a situation in which one would like to say : “ I leave it to you, partner, on condition that you do not go suchSo now, each country is perfectly and such a suit.” willing to leave it to arbitration provided the decision is in its own favour. The result will be that they either tear up the treaty and fly at each other’s throat, or else the defeated party in the suit ignores the finding of the Court, and the successful party must either rest content with a moral victory or enforce the decrees of the arbiter by war. What is required is clearly an efficient police force to ensure that the decree of the Court shall be respected, and this could be obtained in a simple manner by a joint The contracting parties must cominternational treaty. prise Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, and should preferably include the other chief European Power, and the form of the treaty should be in substance, as follows :“ We agree “(I) That all disputes between the contracting parties which cannot be settled amicably by mutual agreement shall be referred to the decision of the tribunal to be set up for that purpose (at the Hague or elsewhere). “ (2) That if either of the litigants refuses to accept or to carry out the decision of the arbitrating tribunal, all the other contracting nations shall enforce the decrees of the tribunal, by military operations, if necessary ; the expense of such operations to be defrayed by the recalcitrant nation.” The last phrase is here the most important, as it is the only way of ensuring that the international police shall be prompt as well as efficient. Nations might well hesitate to incur the heavy expenditure involved by even the preliminaries of naval and military operations for the sake of enforcing a decree in favour of another nation, but not in anyway concerning their own policies. But the possibility of experimenting in mobilisation and practising the art of war with the comfortable knowledge that the bill will be discharged by another would be a positive inducement to prompt action. The effectiveness of this system of mutual police duty can be shown by taking an instance. Suppose that Great Britain and Germany should be at variance. If the decision is given against Germany and she refuse to accept it, she will find, besides the British Navy on her coasts, the forces of Russia, France, and Austria on her frontiers. Or if Great Britain be the defeated but defiant litigant, she will find every port on the Continent closed to, or round, her shipping. In either case the recalcitrant nation will have the further knowledge that resistance to these overwhelming forces with only entail a heavy bill, and that she must pay for her own chastening. Provided that a competent and impartial tribunal can be set up, it is difficult to see how any nation could refuse to enter into such a Treaty for Arbitration, for though many do in reality desire their own advantage rather than abstract justice, few possess the immoral courage to make that admission, and the saving grace of hypocrisy should therefore render a refusal impossible. Whether the abolition, or at least the great reduction, of the prospect of European war would be entirely healthy, with its tendency to destroy the martial virtues and exalt the greedy god of commerce may be questioned ; the British, with their great Empire, can fortunately rest assured of sufficient wars to keep their sword from altogether rusting. But that, so far as Europe is concerned, war might be replaced by Arbitration is hardly doubtful, the only question is who will take the first step? L. F. SALZMANN,
DECEMBER
31, 1908
THE
NEW AGE
197
Socialism and the Drink Supply.
By Cecil Chesterton. III.
I HAVE already pointed out that the concentration of the retail drink trade in the hands of a few rich men is the result of so-called “ temperance ” legislation-that is, legislation which aims at reducing the number of publicSimilarly, the concentration of the wholesale houses. trade is the direct result of the heavy taxation which has been imposed, with the idea of discouraging consumption. This is a matter which can be proved by figures in the most incontrovertible manner. In 1880, when the beer tax was substituted for the old malt tax, the number of persons licensed to brew beer was 21,223. One year of the new taxation brought the number down to 17,110, although the amount of‘ beer produced remained practically stationary. Every year has, still further reduced the number ‘of brewers, while the amount of beer produced is greater than in 1880. Thus the result taxation ” has been of what I may call “temperance not to diminish the consumption of beer (supposing that to be desirable, which I do not think), but simply to crush out the small brewer and hand over the beer supply absolutely to a group of wealthy monopolists, thereby producing the tied-house system, the chemical adulteration of beer, and all the other evils connected with the present drink traffic. The tax on beer is “a tax on the people’s food,” and a very objectionable one at that. It is true that beer is not a necessity of life-that is to say, a man can go on living without it. The same is true of bread, and even more of meat. Vegetarians get on as well without meat as teetotalers do without beer ; the evils resulting from both taboos are spiritual rather than But to the overwhelming majority of the physical. English people beer is a necessity to the reasonable enjoyment of life, and that is really all that can be said of any specific article. The tax on the manufacture and sale of good, wholeMany of the’ free some beer ought to go altogether. publicans whom a system of easily obtainable licenses would bring into existence’ could then probably get their beer from free breweries which would spring up everywhere. Our old farmhouse brewing industry would revive and give a new stimulus to our agriculture. But we need not rely on the chances of private enterprise and competition to bring about this result. In concentrating all our attention on the municipal publichouse, are not we Socialists beginning at the wrong end? Henry George used to say that " if you had the cow you had the milk,” and one need not be a Georgian to see ‘that whoever controls the production of beer and spirits has the drink trade in his hands-as the brewers have at present. We are always asking for municipal public-houses. Why not national breweries? To buy up all the *existing breweries and distilleries would, no doubt, be a colossal operation, all the more so as these companies, like the water companies, ‘would undoubtedly receive far more than their property was worth. Fortunately, in this case there is no need to pay a penny of compensation. The State need ask for no monopoly. Let the nation start its own breweries and distilleries in competition with those now run by private corporations. Let it rely upon supplying a better article at a cheaper price (profit not being its main object) in order to beat them out of the field. The doubts which the idea of a Municipal PublicHouse awakens in the enlightened mind are inapplicable to the case of a National Brewery.. It is true that the late Sir Wilfrid Lawson said, if I remember right, that the adulteration of beer was a good thing, because there ‘was then less beer in it ! Possibly Mr. Asquith and Mrs. Carrie Nation still hold that view ; but I doubt if the former, at any rate, would dare to carry it into For very’ shame the State would be obliged to effect. brew pure beer only, and to place only wholesome and well-matured spirits upon the market.
But the question would then arise of the right of the private brewers and distillers to undercut the State by supplying inferior drink at a lower price. So long as the present iniquitous distribution of-wealth continues this problem will be a very real one. For while I do not ‘really believe that anyone prefers beer made from chemicals or whisky made from potatoes to the genuine article, it is true that our social system produces so many poor wretches to whom every farthing is an object that some would rather drink methylated spirits at 1½d. than Volnay at 2d. Of course all patently noxious adulteration, either of This beer or spirits, ought to be severely punished. kind of adulteration is undoubtedly very widely practised, especially in the poorer neighbourhoods. But even now it is illegal, and all that we want is a more vigilant inspection, a more vigorous administration of the law, and a much ‘heavier scale of punishments for the offenders. A man who sells poisonous drink to the people ought obviously to receive a much severer sentence than a burglar or a perjurer. But there is a kind of adulteration, almost universal in the case of beer, to which you cannot apply quite such drastic treatment. Standing upon my own right to drink beer because I like it, I cannot very well deny the right to drink a combination of glucose and sulof phuric acid “with no more than the usual quantity to arsenic ” (as they said after the Salford poisonings) But I do deny the right of those who may prefer it. anyone to sell such a concoction to me and call it “ beer. ” Beer is a liquor made of malt and hops, and a man who sells me anything else as beer is simply Whisky is a liquor distilled from defrauding me. barley, rye, and other cereals, and nothing else ought to be called whisky. Better let the monopolist adulterators choose some name of their own-“ Sulphuretta ” or A “ Potatsky “- to describe their chemical products. man who asks for beer or whisky ought to be served with beer or whisky, and nothing else. Of course the National Breweries would be at an impossible disadvantage if the retail trade still remained in the hands of the brewers-that is to say, if the tied-house system continued. But under the scheme which I have outlined this would not be the case. The municipal houses would of course sell National Beer The free houses, which would and National Spirits. arise on every side, would, I feel certain, be only too glad to fight the brewers by advertising a supply of beer and spirits the purity of which was guaranteed by the State. The State, not aiming at profit, could sell good beer at a price as low or lower than that at which In the great the brewers., supplied an inferior article. centres of population it would, I believe, soon beat all its competitors out of the field. There would still be room for the small local brewery and for the farmer brewing for his neighbours. But where a large wholesale supply was necessary, I believe that the State Breweries and Distilleries would soon acquire a virtual monopoly. There are two objections of a practical character which might fairly be urged against the policy I have I will briefly note and deal outlined in these articles. with them. First, it will be urged that I am playing the deuce with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. At present a large part of our national revenue comes from the taxation, in various forms, of alcoholic liquors. With much of this my policy would compel us to dispense. Of course, we could, if we liked, undoubtedly recoup ourselves by making a huge profit out of our nationallyBut I am not in favour of that. owned drink supply. The profits of national brewing and distilling ought not but ought to be used to raise to go in relief of taxation, the wages of those employed and to reduce the price of Personally, I have no inclination to save the liquor. the Chancellor of the Exchequer the trouble of facing facts. There are only two ways of raising revenue-to tax the rich or to tax the poor. So long as we pursue the latter course it matters very little whether it is their bread or their beer that we tax. When we adopt the former-well, there are those £600,000,000 of rent
DECEMBER 31, 1908
and interest waiting for anyone, who chooses to value them. The other objection that may be urged is that the policy I recommend would be as hotly or, more hotly trade as the Asquith-Nation opposed by the liquor policy, and, lacking the support of the Teetotalers, would fall between two stools and fail. This view seems to me to neglect the existence of an obscure thing I agree that it is not, as called the English People. politics go at present, a very important thing. But it The power of the brewers and is not utterly impotent. publicans as against the Government lies in the fact that they, can appeal both to the interests and to the But ‘what sense of ‘justice ‘of the people as a whole. appeal would they have to either against my policy that could possibly obtain popular support? If a man is going to take my business says : “The Government If he says, “The away from me ! ” we sympathise. Government is going to allow another man to compete with me ! ” the plaint leaves us cold. If a man says, “I am not allowed to sell beer !" we are indignant. If he says, .‘,‘I am not allowed to sell bad beer! ” wewell, we pass him by. I am convinced that the great fact of the next decade will be the rediscovery of the need of dogma in politics. Compromises between those who want the same thing but differ about ways and means are possible and Compromises between those who, want indesirable, compatible things are undesirable and ultimately imWhen all the ingenuities of Liberal timepossible. servers are exhausted, the question will remain : “Do Mrs. We want alcoholic drink supplied or not? " ‘Carrie Nation says “ No ! ” ; the Nation says “ Yes ! ” the medium of nourishment is becoming but a restriction to the human seeds which have come to maturity’ The tension is setting in in the sheltering Church. which must mould the one and shatter the other. It is the same story in other fields. Nations are throwing off their monarchical ‘governments, men are rebelling against laws and conventions, individuality is stirring for birth from the mass. And the mass, knowing nothing of individuality, is resisting as Nature would have it resist till all that is vital has been passed on that nothing may he wasted.. But whether it be Humanity, man, or a chicken, this first attempt to draw for itself the breath of life from the great surround is full ‘of danger : danger that it may be premature, by old methods and danger that. it may be hampered old ideas. An interesting example of the difficulties may, I think, be found in the case of the artist. Be he painter or musician or poet, we see how he reaches forth into the great unknown, and finds there glimpses of the great things his soul desires. But he cannot yet live in that atmosphere, and must needs‘ come back to earth again, and when he tries there to reconstruct his vision of the great Love, it ‘becomes, at best, a great sexuality. personal devotion ; at worst, a promiscuous And all his hearers, fixing on the one or the other picture,, murmur; enraptured, ‘‘ Itis all,. so clear and obvious ; it must be true ; how could we ever have ‘missed it ;’ we shall never do so again. *’ Although the simplicity of the process of translation should be in itself a warning, yet we can hardly be surprised when we see how ‘easily ritual is mistaken for religion, convention for truth, and morals for morality. The mind of the present time seems to be unable to see, or perhaps to admit, that what really counts in the controversy is the meaning, between the words or, deeds,, not in them. If there were nothing in religion but the ritual and dogma at which the half-seeming jeer, would the great religions have lived all these thousands of one on the main questions, years ? For they are all whatever their names. If the great Love is but sexual we should all have become gods long promiscuity,
ago.
The Old and the New.
IT must be clear, I think, to the most casual observer that the present is a time of unrest in a very general sense throughout the world. Men, society; questions It may not perhaps be so are all in a state of flux. apparent that most, if not all, of these varied unrests can be reduced to one formula: The death-struggle of the Old order in the hands of the New, I do not mean merely the passing away of one thing to give place to the next, as one minute gives place to the next, or one species to the next in the ordinary march of evolution. The present is a period of much greater importance ; it is the struggle of birth and death-the death of the Old and the birth from it of the New, the chicken from the egg. The more one looks the more convinced one is When It began, to be acute is not that this is true. clear ; when it will end is still less clear. Such things on the world-scale move slowly, but that it is here seems indubitable. And what we see is but the index of what we do not see. There is war in heaven, in the inner world which moves the outer. Perhaps the most clear expression of this is to be seen in Religion-and among religions in the Roman Church. I am no historian, but I think there is clear evidence that the Roman Church, beneath its exaggerated Christianity, is the heir of all the ages of the Western world, the inheritor of all the pagan mysteries back into the ages before America became a lost continent, when curly rituals were elaborated around the curly gods on the Isthmus of Panama. Back to the days of Divine priest-kings, who embraced the whole of their embryo people in their care, and were to them the one and only medium of contact with the universal Spirit Mother and Father of their people, Pope of their Church, And ever since then there has gradually been taking place what we can see any summer day in any garden : Nature with the first vestige of the seed starts to build a protection for it. At first the protection receives most care, but presently she turns her attention to the seed. Gradually this grows faster and faster, and in proportion the husk gets dryer, harder? and less vitalised till, when the seed is ripe, the husk is dead, and at a chance moment bursts and throws the seeds far ‘and wide. The husk has nearly served its day ; what was once
It is the Old order fighting, to the death, the old structure running through body, soul and mind, which is ‘struggling to get the new bricks laid on the old lines, not knowing that it is a new storey ‘which is to be built now in which, though the ancient pillar and arch will again appear, they will be modelled on a less The Old order was a Unity which earthly plan. the New. will be diversity which swamped diversity, will make together a perfect wholeness ; but hampered still by the old ideas, we are trying to make a new swamping unity. This attempt to revivify the bondage is wrong. a seed pod we can J us t is by moistening keep it from cracking and even start a premature germination of the seeds within which will lead to their abortion, so this is wrong as prolonging unduly the life Those who can see should be content of the bondage. to abide by the old order yet awhile that the unseeing may not be stimulated to premature birth. There is no greater crime than callousness in teaching : purveying strong food and drink to babes. It is vivisection. Many good people speak with horror. of the scientist who inoculates a guinea-pig with disease for the benefit of humanity, though lauding themselves for sowing far more potent diseases in their brothers’ minds for exactly the same reason. the The difficulty, of course, is with the half-baked, “ materialist,” ‘ that he is who is so far “‘ spiritualised discontented with his materialism, though still insisting that it is the only criterion. He is dangerous because he will shout, to drive away the “spooks,” the unseeing and so frightens into believing in (‘ spooks,” of which they are really quite unaware themThe real question of the moment is how to selves. deal with him and how to keep the unripe seeds from germinating. Instead of which, the obviously fallacious doctrine that “all men are equal” is tending in exactly the opposite direction. LEWIS RICHARDSON.
DECEMBER, 31,
1908'
THE.
AGE
Consideration dozen. Carried with five dissentients. of Fabian* attitude towards present political unrest? discussion postponed. The Committee then adjourned. The’ Chairman : Is it the pleasure of the meeting that I sign these minutes ? [Gentle murmurs of assent. He does so. The Chairman : [rising again with dignity] : Ladies and Gentlemen, Before we proceed to business I wish to refer briefly to the regrettable circumstances-I may almost say the exceedingly. painful circumstancesunder which we meet to-day. [Sympathetic sounds.‘] The newspapers have told you that we stand upon the brink of Revolution. (No, no !) I do. not believe that to be the case. (Hear; hear.) But certain it is that a vast upheaval is taking place ; an, upheaval in which, .I need hardly say, this society has no hand. (Applause.) I may remind you that in his speech during the debate upon the recent Unemployment Bill; the Prime Minister referred to us as the chief bulwark against revolutionary outbreaks. (Hear, hear.) Let us prove worthy of that trust. (Applause,), And let us, first of all realise clearly’ the difficulties that we have to face. It is always regrettable that the democracy should reject our advice-but it, is doubly painful that the ringleader ‘in the present rioting should be a former, colleague of our own. (Subdued hisses.) Mr. Drake. recently offered his resignation and we accepted it. (Hear. hear;) ‘Had he not done so, we should have been placed in’ a most awkward predicament. It might have become necessary to demand his expulsion from this Committee; or at least to pass a vote of censure upon his conduct. But he his left us. (Cheers.)’ We have been spared, a very disagreeable task.. I regret ‘only that in offering his resignation Mr. Drake thought fit to-make use of exceedingly abusive and improper language with regard to this Society. But let that pass. Under the circumstances we can afford-The Crowd Without [singing] : Then raise the scarlet standard high, Within its shade we’ll live or die, Though A Conspirator : Mr, Chairman, I move that the window be closed. , It is almost--impossible: to follow. your remarks. Another conspirator :: Mr. Chairman, I move that a second window be opened. Fresh air is the first necessity of our movement. (Hear, hear.). The Chairman: That is an amendment. Those in. favour of the original motion ? [Show of hands. ] Those in favour of the amendment? [Another show of hands. The numbers are equal. General confusion. The Chairman gives his casting vote in favour of the status quo, and proceeds.] As some guide to our ‘action -at the present time, ladies and gentlemen, it may be instructive to pass in review very briefly the history of this Society, It was founded, as we all know, by a number of men who were -ah-perhaps somewhat unconventional in a number, of their views. [Deprecatingly] : As an enlightened body, of course, we honour and respect them none the less for that. (Hear, ‘hear;) But, fortunately, in the course of time these more turbulent spirits -if I may so name them-and their followers left us for-er -other organisations, : ’ It’ has been left to us to gather the middle classes together in one vast league ; to educate them in the principles of peaceful evolution towards a sane Collectivism. (Cheers.) With heads uncovered swear we all, To bear it onward till we fall. Come -The Chairman : I must appeal to you, ladies and gentlemen, not to allow your attention to be distracted by the disgraceful scenes which are taking place outside. I am informed by the Home Secretary that a large force of mounted police is being held in reserve, and there is absolutely no danger of any serious -[The uproar without grows deafening. The Chairman’s face wears a pained expression, and he pauses for an instant.]
The Crowd Without :
The Passing of Fabius Maximus.
By Ashley Dukes.
An upper room in [THE Fifth of November, 193-. the large and, ‘handsome offices of the Fabian Society, From the windows the Home Office may Whitehall. be seen over the way. The two buildings are connected by a subterranean passage, which greatly facilitates communication with Downing Street on all matters of A special apartment, urgent public importance, adorned as to the mantelshelf with a bust of. Q. Fabius Maximus (Cunctator), is reserved for the use of Cabinet Ministers seeking interviews with’ the secretary. In the marble entrance-hall, facing the entrance, is a design representing the rising sun. Only a small portion of the orb is visible. The exterior of the edifice is imposing. Statues of Fabian philosophers and poets, in characteristic poses, occupy niches on the facade and (see, Annual Report for 1925-6) exert an educative’ influence upon public (Taste. They are indeed a source of exceeding wonder to the populace, who " assemble in this thoroughfare upon all critical occasions in national affairs,. and gaze reverently upon the mighty fabric within whose walls their ‘destinies are shaped ” [“(Times ” leading article February 1, 1928). Such an occasion is the present. The upper room is crowded, for no less an event than an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Executive Committee is about to take place, The chairman sits at the head of a long table. The’ secretary is on his right, and the other conspirators (for ‘So let us name them, in memory of olden time) occupy the remaining seats, in order of Prominent among them are Rupert Polegate seniority. (Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the late Labour Government), Julia Adams (Minister of Education) and Chester Stanhope (of Scotland Yard). The strictest decorum prevails, but in the murmur of conversation one may detect a note of unrest unusual at these gatherings, From time to time a roar is heard from, the crowd without, and once a shrill newsboy’s voice cries “The-Revolution !-Special ! ?‘] First Conspirator [to aged neighbour] : Bad business this, isn’t it? Second, Conspirator [adjusting his ear-trumpet] : Eh’? I didn’t catch-First Conspirator [shouting down it] : I said it was a bad business ! Second Conspirator : Eh ! Ah yes, shocking, shockIn my younger days---[He indulges in ing ! reminiscences]. Third Conspirator [to Fourth,] : The Democracy are very noisy to-day. Fourth Conspirator : My dear sir, the Democracy are It is the always noisy. What do you expect? awakened spirit of the mob-the Herdenmenschen. Now Nietzsche-The Chairman : Order, order,’ ladies and gentlemen ! [They all listen earnestly.] The Chairman : I call upon the Secretary to read the minutes of the last meeting. The Secretary [reading] : Committee held on 16th October, Mr. Polegate in the chair. Business : Report Consideration of Government of Finance Committee. Land Bill. Special deputation appointed to consult the Consideration of Fabian attitude toPrime Minister. The wards unemployment-discussion adjourned. Committee approved the issue of a new tract, “The Servant Problem and How to Solve It.” (Hear, hear.) Motion that the price of tracts be reduced to 7d. per
200
DECEMBER 1908 31,
Now, my motive is not to work up sympathy for the downtrodden coolie ; I don’t even suggest that every Natal plantation is bossed by a Legree, but I do say that the conditions described exist, and I call attention to. them to emphasise my point on British myopia. The other day an influential meeting was held at Caxton Hall where justly indignant speeches were made on the subject of the cocoa slave trade in Angola. We were exhorted as Britons to join in a strong appeal to this Government to bring pressure to bear upon the Portuguese Government. When I pointed out that precisely the same condition of things existed in our own my Colony, where we had the right of interference, I may remarks were received with icy indifference. have a perverted sense of humour, but I cannot conceive anything more extravagantly Gilbertian than the spectacle of apparently sincere Englishmen leaving the slums and misery of their own country to innoculate happy and prosperous natives with the virus of such civilization, or with straight face advocating an impertinent rebuke to a foreign Government for carrying on precisely the same infamies as we do.
DOUGLAS BLACKBURN.
A Conspirator [near the window] : On a point of order, Mr. Chairman, had we not better adjourn? A -a conflict of some kind appears to be proceeding around the Home Office-Some hooting is [They all crowd to the window. heard.] Several Conspirators : Disgraceful ! An Under Secretary [Secretly flattered] : They’ve seen us ! They think we are the Cabinet. The Chairman [opening the window, and attempting to address the crowd] : Go away ! Go away ! OF course, we sympathise entirely . . . .if you would only let us explain. . . . [The only response is another burst of hooting. He gives up the attempt, closes the window, and returns to his place.] Ladies and Gentlemen, I think our more dignified course will be to ignore this tumult completely. (Hear, hear.) Let us proceed to the business of the day. The first item upon the agenda paper-A Conspirator [leaping to his feet] : Look, look ! [He points towards the window. They all follow his gaze, and dull wonder creeps into their eyes. For there, above the pinnacled offices of Government, and as if uplifted by the endless roar of voices, a great red flag swings aloft, and, gathering strength an instant, sways out upon the wind.] The Chairman : Order, order ! The first item upon the agenda paper-THE END.
-SPECIAL NOTICETHE
Moral
Myopia.
“HE knows not England who only England knows.” I can forgive Rudyard Kipling much of his Imperialistic rhodomontade-even his “ Sons of Martha “-for that My twenty years’ absence from the Homeland line. has enabled me to get a better view of England than ever I had while inspecting it from the inside. I have read that myopia may be partially cured by taking sights at very long range. Certainly the mental form of it can be. I never thoroughly grasped what British insularity meant till I encountered British moral religious and political philanthropists in South Africa, earnestly and seriously devoting time and money in an effort to persuade a happy, contented, and prosperous native and Colonial proletariat that they are the victims of a spurious bliss, and that the real article is only-to be found in the slums of British Civilisation. I have often been amazed when, on pointing out to these myoptics that the condition of the free native is as near idyllic physical perfection as the most Utopian European could desire for his own people, I have been met by: an emphatic assurance that no native can be happy until he has adopted European ideas and customs. They have not said this in these words, but that is what their arguments amount to. But more amazing still is the refusal of many of these people to see in the indentured. labour system of the colonies a perpetuation of the old-time slavery under another name. It is in vain that I prove to them by newspaper reports, official documents, and ocular evidence that the wretched Indians on the tea and sugar plantations of Natal, are flogged, tortured, and maltreated at the will of brutal white overseers ; that they are driven to work at dawn like cattle and kept at it till dark ; that they must by law obtain the consent of their master before they can leave the plantation to lay a complaint against him ; that if they do so leave, they may be (and are) imprisoned and flogged for desertion ; that if the estate be sold they are sold with it, and that they have to endure this slavery for seven years on a pay of ten shillings, per mensum, rising towards the end to perhaps twenty shillings. On the top of this comes the notorious fact that no magistrate would dare to convict a white man on the word of a coolie. I am told that the Indians have the right of appeal to So has a street hawker in London the the Courts. right of appeal to the House of Lords. The privilege is equally taken advantage of by both, and for similar reasons.
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DECEMBER 31,
1908
THE
NEW AGE
201
The Rejected of the World.
I WOULD like to sing a song to the rejected of the world. The heroes have always been sung-the defeated as well as the victorious. The warriors have their ballads, the saints have their calendars, and the nations their histories. Even labour has its bibles-has its banners-has its uplands and its great horizons ; And labour’s battle-lines are forming, and its singers they shall sing. But the outcast are unwritten, their underworlds unsung. No music bears their meaning forth, and not for them do the thrones and the shrines have ears. No understanding mind proclaims their passion, and its dumb potential wholeness. No forming battle-line is theirs, nor drum-beat nor bugle-call nor spreading banners. However full they come, they go away empty : They have poured their all into the lap that is motherless unto them. If once for any of them the roses bloomed, or ever the seasons sang within their souls, it was but for the mocking moment : Soon are their lives like the dust of the desert ; Or like the leaves the winds have heaped into the earthen damp, or left upon the solitary roads. II. O the under-peoples of the earth ! O the processions of the poorer than the poor ! The hosts of the spent and the shamed and the sunken ! They have been so many from the beginningUncounted and uncountable as nature’s other spawnCrawling through who knows how many crushing centuries ! And now, in caravans of menacing spectres, they haunt the world’s billowing highways ; They join themselves to the livid lives that throng the grinning mask of modern social death ! And these are they in whom the senseless beast of strength has not survived ; And these are they who could not harden their hearts enough, -who could not sharper make their claws ; And these are they from whom possessions fled-to whom rule and authority came not ; And these are they who have fallen from the service of them that do possess and rule ; And these are they who bend and break beneath life’s overloads ; And these are they that have loved too much-according to them that love by rule and measure ; And these are the misjudged, the misguided, the mangled, and the merciful ; And these are they to whom no judge renders justice, and for whom there is neither mercy nor healing ; And these are the victims of the lawless laws, which the masters make to bind them ; And these are they that went out after priests, yet neither faith nor virtue found. Yet these are the sacred fire-the warmth of the world that casts them out : From them all truth ascending-from them all freedom feeling forth its way. III. Yes, all the weight of all the world by these rejected ones is borne :
For now we have but human night-not even has the first false dawn appeared. But when the human day ascends, when swift and social sabbath shines, these dwellers in the night shall bring it here. Of progress, and all worlded passion, these are the divine substance. These are the true creators-makers of God and man. It is through these that spirit grew to speech, and babbles on its way to ultimate being ; It is through these, when they are lifted up, shall earth receive its waiting glory. These are the new earth’s deep-folded body, and the pure white soul thereofThe earth which the flames of revolt shall bear unto birth, and into immortal growth and beauty. These are the angels of the new heaven, over the new earth tenderly bending. These are the everlasting sacrifice, changing all pain into powerThe lamb that was slain from the foundation of the world : The love that, through long brutish death arising, maketh all things certainly one ; And love that shall at last lay the will of man upon the stars in their courses. IV. Again would I sing to the world’s rejected ones, To them that sit in the venomed shadows say, That one can do without the world very well : For when the world has turned you out of doors, And your spirit is vagrant beneath the stars, And your tent is pitched by this wayside and by that, And your feet are free upon the mountains, And the peace of your spirit smiles back to you from the plains, And the flowers of the fields come confidingly to your hands, And the beasts of the forest are not afraid of you, Then indeed you possess the world as none of the possessors do. One may always have love at one’s side,And it may purify the black foolish world in its bosom. One may always have heaven within one’s self,And it may songfully arch the whole world over. Even beneath the beggar’s burden there is bravery enough to overturn the temples : The bravery only needs to be beckoned. Even within the hiding ones there is wisdom to bring the kingdoms down : It only needs to be welcomed by a little social faith. Even behind the prison-doors there is room for the soul, For the reason that the soul is not confined by them. It is through the imprisoned spirits that love fulfils the freedom. It is through the earth’s rejected ones the soul of man expands. V. The expansion of the soul of manThat is all there is of history : Nothing else is worth a moment’s notice. If Babylon and Assyria and Rome are gone, If civilisations and cities are buried beneath the sands, It is because they weighed upon the slowly-expanding soul. If the thrones of to-day are uneasy and ridiculous, If the Parliaments of the world are shaken and. ashamed, If the earth is heaving itself anew beneath the seats of civilisation, And trembling and trouble are in all the places of power, It is that the soul is breathing a deep new breath : And the soul sheds its civilisations as the lion shakes the jungle from its eyes in the morning ; Or as the budding April shakes the last leaf of Winter from its boughs.
202.
THE NEW AGE
VI.
DECEMBER
31, 1908
its germinative night the soul shall surely wakenShall rise from under all that bears it down ; And all the things that have bound it, that have broken it, Thosethings the soul itself shall break or bind. The infernal magic of mere might shall pass awayThe strong delusion of the laws, And of the righteousness of States, And of the conventions of the priestsAll the long hypnotic spell which the institutions of the masters have cast over the men. Then we shall see with how little brains the world has always been governed ; And, we shall know that the only really shameless criminals have been the makers of the laws. Beneath their deep deceit the earth is already quaking. Sooner than we think the thrones shall fall. And the present heavens shall also disappear : For the soul of man must have roomMust have the stars, and all the spaces, wherewith to ‘build’ itself a body, VII. So come’ ye rejected, over-laden and degraded, Ye piteous processions of the poorer than the poor, Ye whose bodies are too weak to bear any more burdens,Whose heavier burdens now are the burdens of the soul?Ye who stop in prisons that the masters built about you, Ye mangled who are shackled still to wealth’s malign machine, Ye who tentless perish by the waysides of the world, And all ye deepest dwellers in the deepest human night : Come, let us bring the night unto its proper end, Come, let us quickly finish all the years of lies, Come, let us bring the truthful years of love to light, Come, let us break the human morning on the hills. Let not the blight the owners put upon you, Nor the mazes of the present evil world in which you wander, Either stay or entangle your triumphant feet, Nor hush the solemn music of their coming, Nor turn back the new creation you bear upon your hands. Doubt not, that love’s commanding word comes swiftest, surest unto you : You alone have risked all-have lost all : You alone shall gain all-shall give all. Ye under-peoples of the earth shall be the over-peoplesYea, ye shall be the only peoples. Therefore be ye quick upon the mountains, Therefore speed your song upon the plains, And let us breathe the mood of freedom through the world, Till there shall be a world without a meddler’s handA world without a judge or a judgment or a curse, A world without a lonesome soul or thing. Come, let us haste to build the holy cityThe city of the. great affection, The city of the love-desire. When once you spread the lovely pattern out, When once your hands and hearts have taken to the work; Then soon the building brave shall rise, And soon shall rise the strength, and the joy and laughter, And soon the soul of man shall’ reach creative everywhere,
From
Wind Instruments and the Beauty of Poverty.
By David Lowe.
WE were standing at Charing Cross when a regiment marched to Church Parade. There seemed to be no end to the red line, which was headed by a pipe band, a brass band, and a group of trumpeters. On each side walked hundreds of youthful citizens, gaping in a mixed condition of awe and admiration. To the loud blare of trumpets onward marched the red coats to worship the Prince of Peace. When they had disappeared, the Salvation Army made itself evident, and at the corner of a street motley musicians gathered around a red standard and rent the air with violent unction. Soldiers of destruction and soldiers of salvation both praising the same God. “ It seems to be a growing belief,” said Quarles, dryly, “that the Creator is most easily reached by wind instruments. ” We turned into Woodside Crescent and walked slowly along the south side of the gardens until we found ourselves in Kelvin, Grove. At the fountain we met Rammerscales and Rothes on their way to church. “The doctor is to lecture on Peace,” said Rammerscales ; “ rather good subject, isn’t it, for a church parade of amateur soldiers? ” “ Ay, it should strengthen the boys to fight when they have the glories of peace described,” added Rothes, who had a purely native habit of cautery. The appearance of Rothes was striking. His head was large and conveyed an impression of great power ; his coarse black hair grew in short close curls ; and over his raven moustache projected a nose of imposing proLively eyes relieved his pallid countenance portion. and removed attention from a mouth which betrayed He had a heavy body, for which two sturdy weakness. columns seemed eminently necessary, and yet nature had perversely arrested the growth of one of his limbs, and he walked with the aid of an iron support on his left foot. “ The Hague Conference of distinguished men and representatives of various Governments has given a great impetus to the cause of peace,” said Rammerscales, “and when the people are fully educated on the subject ploughshares will be turned into tuning forks ; no-I’m blow’d if I can remember the thing ! ” “In civilised countries the majority of people already the people the favour peace, and the more intelligent more firmly are they against the great waste of time, energy, money, and material spent in making munitions “ Governments of war,” began Quarles seriously. alone remain ignorant, savage, uncivilised. The men whom we select to manage the affairs of the nation ; paying them to do it, -are, as a body, so animalistic and ignorant that they settle questions in the same way as they are settled by certain lieges on a drunken Saturday night.” Rothes, “here is a seat ‘(Stop, stop ! ” interjected considerately provided by ourselves through the Corporation ; let us sit down. The doctor’s lecture may be held as read, Rammerscales; sorry to interrupt, but now ! ” He clasped hands over the top of his stick and gazed at Quarles expectantly. “The smallest hamlet in the realm,” continued of its Quarles, “is more civilised than the Government country. The colour of paint necessary for the village lamp or the kind of handle suitable to the village pump are not questions settled by fisticuffs, but by debate A scheme of city lighting. or the purchase and reason. of parks are matters fixed by vote after discussion and And if two parishes have differnot by gunpowder. ences about paupers, bridges, or roads-recourse is made to arbitration or law. The two sets of parishioners If the Governments of two do not shoot each other. they nations, however, desire to rob the same country take the field with huge armies and fight for the
swag.”
And truth ‘shall open wide its farthest doorsFor truth shall be but the one human will. No mystery shall halt the soul’s expansion any more ; Nor shall there be good and evil any more. ‘And life from love shall nevermore be hindered, But life and love be evermore the same, Conscious and complete in each soul and star and clod, Throbbing and harmonious through each atom and the GEORGE D. HERRON. whole. Florence, Italy.
“I
see nothing
for it,”
remarked
Rothes,
“but
to
DECEMBER
31,
1908
203
“,I wonder why in recent years the common people are either forsaking the churches or remaining as lukewarm members? ” asked Rammerscales. “ It may be,” said Quarles, “that unless preachers are paid highly they cannot expound the beauty of poverty, and unless pewholders have good incomes they cannot understand the exposition.”
open a Sunday school for Cabinet Ministers and a Bible class for Foreign Secretaries.” “And have for teachers,” added Quarles, “mothers who have lost sons in war.” “What of the young men who take the shilling ? IS it not patriotism which inspires them? ” asked Rammerscales, “even although they are not aware of the real nature of war? ” “Their destination should be the nearest public library and not the barracks,” replied Quarles ; “ Carlyle-that same Thomas who used to spit dexterously at the market folk over the window of the Buccleuch Hotel at Moffat -has shown in unforgettable terms the horrors of war, but his words seem only to have been accepted as an entertainment. The poor, thin, underbuilt boys WHO cover their undeveloped bones in soldier’s uniforms don’t do so from natural choice. They are usually deadbeat in the industrial conflict before they try life in white spats and infinitesimal headgear. The masculine remnants who risk their lives for financiers are the same men who get turned from the works’ gate without work. Their reward? It is not much, and as Veterans to its futurity akin to the rewards of religion, are partial to sleeping on stairs, and they not infrequently dispose themselves for eternity under a poorhouse roof. Last Saturday a thin-red-line man was slung from a third storey window to escape the police. Voluntary valour is great, and a balanced fight may be a beautiful conceit, but when men are pawns moved by speculators, and heroism becomes machine-made, one can but shrug his shoulders and ask his neighbour to pass the mustard.” Rothes was ‘meditative,. and evidently turning something over expecting to make a discovery. Quickly he blurted out : “ If the man who scoops the profit calls the war, then it’s all business, everything is a question of business ! Why, here’s work for the doctor and all the churches-to educate public opinion against business It’s all a game to get something for nothing. wars. If a man breaks into my house he’s a burglar, if ten thousand men break into my country they are burglars ! ” “But suppose the burglar tells you he has come to do you good, and to save you from the besetting sin of vanity he takes away your diamond pin and gold watch? ” said Quarles. Rammerscales laughed, saying, “ The churches have plenty to do already.” “Yes, it’s arduous work walking the tight-rope, and very little disturbs the balance,” said Quarles, with a pawky smile ; “I remember the advent of a tramp upsetting the complacence of a fashionable congregation. He sat down in a prominent pew in the gallery beside a resplendent gentleman who seemed concerned about his frock coat. The garments of the-tramp were far from airtight and the hayseed in his locks proclaimed the nature of his bed on the previous night. Notwithstanding the concentrated attention bestowed upon him, the tramp speedily fell into a profound slumber, snoring audibly, and at the conclusion of the service was rather difficult to rouse. It is so unusual for a poorly-clad’ person to enter the Protestant house of the Father that it caused a commotion among the worshippers, and the incident was reported in the newspapers next day. ” “Lucky tramp, getting a front’ seat one day and big type the next : rich life, ” interjected Rothes, of course ! Dis“ Of course,” turbed decorum must not go unavenged, and the phrase would make a good headline. ” “The juxtaposition of starched saint and hayseed sinner was out of tone,” continued Quarles, “but the sermon preached was an harmonious gospel which affected every class, in that the tramp, like many of his betters, dropped off to sleep. Worshippers may be divided into two parties-the earnest, who in the main go to sleep, but also worship, and the respectable, who try to see how long they can sit awake, calling in the aid of sweets for mouth or salts for nose. The church has made a fetish of tiredness. When the minister is not abroad resting, his congregation are in their pews asleep. ”
The Shawbax.
By G. K. Chesterton.
I were indeed that gay deceiver of Mr. Dexter’s dream, I should leave the debate exactly where Mr. Bax and Mr. Shaw have managed to leave. it between them. If I were only out for fun I could hardly find anything funnier, You publish Shaw and Bax actually
IF
Shaw has nothing new to say on miracles because the Rationalist view is self-evident, And Shaw says that he has something entirely new to say on miracles, and that the Rationalist view is bosh, Bax says, with gloomy magnanimity, that at least Shaw will not sparkle about the laws of matter ; and there is Shaw sparkling away like blazes, saying he can believe piles of miracles, pouring out the wildest mysticism and saying that a dog turned into a cat is not really different from the sunrise. If I only cared for farce I need do no more than take my place in the pit and applaud. But my fault is the reverse of frivolity ; I am really so
in the same number.
And Bax says. that, of course,
horribly
argument. Honestly, I think the thing is a weakness; but I am so constituted that I cannot read mere prejudice or ignorance in print without having a passion to reply to it ; so I will spoil the silent irony of the facts and reply first to Mr. Belfort Bax. Mr. Bax says very truly that materialism is not necessarily dead because it is neglected. Undoubtedly by being there are truths that have become automatic assumed. Arithmetic is one, and I should say’ that two others are the Christian doctrines of Original Sin and of Man’s Authority in Nature ; doctrines on which
solemn that anybody
can drag me into’ an
one really neglected.
thing about the old Hume and Huxley view of miracles is exactly that it is not one of these fixed things. It is less and less assumed simply because it is more and more contradicted, This contradiction does not come merely or mainly from any Catholic Revival. If any-
every man alive acts all day long.
But the interesting
Revival of late years in Europe, I can only say with every courtesy of intention that his education has been
says’ that there has not ‘been a Catholic
France, might despise the Catholic Revival or deride’ it, but he would never dream of denying it. He could not contradict anything so visible as the long procession of distinguished Agnostics into the Church, Brunetière, Maurice Barres, Huysmann, and the rest. The procession was as plain as the Lord Mayor’s Show, and every item in it as important as Wells’ conversion to Socialism. The case is quite as plain inour own country ; but we need not quarrel about it. Mr. Bax says that nobody claims a Catholic faith except a few decadents ; well, he must judge for himself. He must have met men who claimed such a faith. He must judge if they are decadents. He can go and look at a broken lily like my friend Belloc, or a tremulous. yellow aster like my brother Cecil, or thin ethereal flowers of evil like Canon Scott Holland or Father Vaughan ; he can go to Socialist clubs and have it out with Dell or Headlam or Hubert Bland. If he thinks that all these people, so different in character and costume, have as their one common mark a droop of artistic decay, there is most emphatically no more to be said. But there is no need to discuss a Catholic Revival at all ; for this excellent reason, that the old Rationalist view of miracles would have been destroyed without it. The Hume and Huxley tradition would have been killed by many things-chiefly by Shaw. But the thing which has mainly killed scientific scepticism is simply science, The weird and somewhat sinister developments of psychology have utterly confounded the clear line which
A first-class French sceptic, such as Anatole
THE
NEW
AGE
[DECEMBER 31, 1908
Hume could have drawn between the credible and inThoughts fly through the air like credible in history. pigeons, two minds speak with the same mouth, doctors swear they have made blisters by mental suggestion, old Lombroso and his lot dance about saying they have found somebody who smells with his elbow or sees with his left leg. Some of these discoveries are certain ; many of them are most dubious ; all of them But they have are, to my taste:,. a little unwholesome. created a world in which it is increasingly impossible to affirm that this or that did not happen in Galilee, or cannot happen at Lourdes. In that atmosphere nothing seems impossible except the word ‘impossible.” To put the point shortly, the old sceptic, in denying mystical dogmas, could say, “ I trust my five senses.” The new sceptic can answer, “Are you sure you have only five? ” Mr, Bax begins his metaphysical quarrel with me (with beautiful simplicity) by eagerly assuring you all Now, I think I am a that I know no metaphysics. metaphysician ; which only means that I think I can But I also think that all of you are metathink. physicians ; I think you can all think. It is quite another question whether you will all think or will take refuge in unmeaning phrases about “ spoof ” or “paraYou may even sink to the last level of sensedox.” lessness and talk about the “ Zeit-geist”; as if a mere section of time could have a soul. But my democratic prejudice prefers to assume that you will not use these If you do, metaphysics need escapes, but will think. not be that oligarchic mystery Mr. Bax makes it. Briefly, Mr. Bax said that truth was the intellectual expression of the unity of experience ; I said one can say nothing about truth except that it is true, and I say it again. I object to his definition, not because it is metaphysics, but because it is bad metaphysics. Surely it is plain that all thought must begin somewhere-or it would not begin at all. It must start with a first fact. And surely the first fact is fact itself ; the idea that a thing verily is not or is. But it is bad metaphysics to refer this ultimate actuality to some notion, such as harmony, which is really more subtle and secondary. It would be silly to say “I define Man as a creature who can become a policeman,” because the idea Man can exist before the idea policeman, or even without it. Similarly the conception that things are harmonious comes after and apart from the simple conception that things are. Mr, Bax But says that to call truth truth is childish tautology. with these first facts it is childish not to be tautological. The’ real childishness is in trying, like Mr. Bax, to define what is indefinable and undeniable ; in always saying “What‘ what ’ ? ” or “Why is ’ why ’ ? ” is Tired children do it on hot afternoons. I have left myself no space to deal with Shaw ; and indeed our disagreement is much simpler. Shaw seems to have got it into his head that I believe all miracles or want him to do so. Obviously one believes in a miracle, as in anything else, on some kind of evidence. It may be the direct evidence of sense or the indirect evidence of some friend or prophet or tradition or Church which one happens to trust. As to poor St. Januarius and his blood (which by this time seems absolutely hag-riding Shaw’s mind like a monomania), I can only say that on that not important subject I have acted throughout on entirely Rationalist principles.’ I did not say I believed it, because I knew nothing about it ; no assurance, either personal or traditional, happened to have reached me. But as a miracle, the Januarius miracle seems to me an extraordinarily easy one to believe. If God can do anything at all with matter, surely He might turn a solid to a liquid at recurrent intervals exactly analogous to Nature? And this is the weakness of the G.B.S. attitude. It leaves everyone illogically believing and disbelieving according to his fancy. And this always means in practice believing or disbelieving according to one’s potty little parish or family. Shaw heard that Januarius was incredible before he heard that the Resurrection was incredible ; therefore he takes Januarius as an extreme case. Whereas it is the mildest case in the Calendar, and the Resurrection is really a startler.
Shaw’s philosophical mistake can be stated in one phrase. He uses the word “miracle ” in the mere sense of something to be wondered at ; and in this sense of course everything is wonderful if you believe in God, and almost incredible if you don’t. But in the best theology, miracle has quite a serious scientific meaning ; it is the Divine Will overcoming the mere rule in things. The philosophic query is not whether we choose emotionally to admire a sunrise ; but whether we believe that there is in the Universe a personal will strong enough, say, to turn water into wine. I mention the miracle which may annoy Shaw the most. Neither he nor I believe all the wonders we hear ; obviously there will be false miracles as well as true as in the case of banknotes. The only difference is that I distinguish by my reason ; and Shaw only distinguishes by his taste, which simply means his prejudice.
TO any “ Leader Writer.”
A Modern Fairy-Tale.
THE Leader Writer heaved a sigh of satisfaction. Quite a number of times he had had the opportunity of recording his impersonal opinion of the behaviour of those shameless Suffragettes. Now still another leader was added to the series. He felt, no little pride when he thought of the sensation it would make very soon ; how in a few short hours it would be released from the remorseless grip of the demon-like machinery of a modern printing press. How Suburbia would snort in acquiescing in tube and car, “Shrieking women ; of course, they ought to get twelve months.” And how smug officialdom would murmur : “They asked for this ” ! How in a thousand papers of lesser lustre, quotations would appear with editorial comments galore, such as “We would draw the attention of our readers to the timely warning appearing in the sober columns of our contemporary,” etc., etc., or “ The advice given by this official organ should serve as a check on the arrogance of these self-elected leaders of a degraded womanhood,” etc., etc. He noted with distinct pleasure the downrightness of it all, no quibbling here, no fencing, no mistaking of the intention. Here you had not merely straight hitting from the shoulder, but real “knock-down blows ” for the disturbers of law and order. Really he had felt somewhere within a sense of having his feelings-he liked to think, his manly feelings-hurt by the unseemly temerity of these women. The more he had thought of it the more he was certain that his sexconsciousness was outraged too. By the time he had finished, he felt Something primitive almost a sense of personal injury. had responded and here was the result. The invaders of the stronghold of tradition and precedent were surely repulsed once and for all. Was not his paper the strongest ally of the forces of discipline, and law, and order? Was it not tradition itself? Was not its very name suggestive of all that had “ broadened down from precedent to precedent “? And here had been another outrage on political decency. Very well, then, the offenders should hear about it. It did not serve to ignore these things any longer, as had been the custom in earlier days. Quite large numbers, both of men and women, had got into the habit of closely following such reports, of the doings as they were able to get from the news columns. It would be better to show them, the sympathisers especially, where they stood ; and what sort of trap they were gaily walking into. The “leader ” looked up distractedly from a score of hastily written sheets through which the pencil had gone more than once in the heat of the writer’s thought. Never had there been a more slashing attack. In one sentence alone appeared the words “reckless,” “ bullying.” The title ((folly, ” “ unfit,” “hysterical,” was indeed a crowning triumph : “Death of the Women’s Agitation “-it said. This was much more final than “Foolish Women,” the title of the last leader on the question. It might prove the Omega of the series.
DECEMBER
31, 1908
THE
NEW AGE
205
NEW DISCOVERY IN THE
HOW NERVOUS DISORDERS
EVOKES ENTHUSIASM-MEDICAL WORLD.
ARE CURED BY BRAIN FEEDING.
Brilliant Successof the New Treatment of Nerve Wrecks.
“ Neurasthenia has been the Central Africa, of medicine-an unexplored territory into which few men enter.” These words are eloquent testimony to the great mystery that surrounds the most common of human ailments. We are able, however, to chronicle the fact that at least one scientist has penetrated to the heart of that mystery, and has brought us back a warning and-help. There can be no more fascinating study than the study of that great mysterious force the ordinary worker is content to The hidden call “the nervous system.,’ force that guides our every action, that controls our hopes, that decides our ambitions and aspirations-it is this power that we desire chained down and shielded ; then we “ know ,, our battle is over. When it is remembered that the percentage of illness grouped under ” nervous weakness,,’ or neurasthenia, is higher than any other class of ailment, it’ will be realised how serious a matter is dealt with here, and this will lend an added greatness to Dr. Hartmann’s brilliant discovery. Dr. Hartmann, whose fame as a nerve specialist is known the world over, has penetrated to the Central Africa of medicine, and has come back to explain to us how we must build up our nervous system, and how the neurasthenic subject must be treated. His discovery is of the utmost importance, for to-day it is doubtful whether we could select ten out of a hundred of our acquaintances who are not in the toils of the neurasthenic demon. The cure for neurasthenia, says Dr. Hartmann, is food-brain food. It is quite a simple matter. We are to have no more drugging of the system ; we are to have no more expensive and exhaustive, useless and harmful treatments ; All we have to do is to or otherwise. feed the brain with the nerve-forming food it needs and Nature will do the rest. In these days of high pressure, living with ‘fierce social and commercial competition, there is a strain put upon the nervous system which not one man in a hundred can healthily withstand. The effect of the strain is shown either in extreme irritability, lack of concentration, irresponsible thought, and finally insanity. The story of the neurasthenic is, perhaps, best told in the following chart, which shows clearly the descent and how swiftly we are taken to the end :Sensitiveness Restlessness Irritability Melancholia Hysteria Dizziness Nervousness Fearfulness Memory Weakness Brain Fag Pessimism Inaptitude for Steady Work I Insomnia Mental Clarity
Lack of
mony voluntarily affirmed by medical men in the highest position. This method of treatment that Dr. Hartmann has proved to be truly successful may be thus detailed. Food, when taken into the body, is used in various ways for general nourishment. Certain foods are used for fat production, others for the manufacture of bone, and, yet again, other parts of food are used up in the production of brain tissue, Now, since all nervous affections arise in the brain, and are caused by malnutritioni.e., its starvation-the cure for neurasthenia lies in the question of supplying the nerve centre with proper food to allow due strengthening. Now, in all foods-in some more than others-there are brain-forming materials. They are scientifically known as Mylene or Lecithins. Under natural conditions the “best? food contains but a trace of this wonderful substance, and, therefore, it is impossible in the ordinary way to absorb into the system sufficient quantity to effect an appreciable improvement in a neurasthenic case. “It is, in brief, a question of administrating a sufficient supply of nerveelements to balance the rapid feeding waste of nerve tissue caused by the unnatural strain of present-day life by a rapid repair.” The result of Dr. Hartmann’s brilliant
’ “Rome. in my private practice of ‘ Antineurasthin,’ and shall prescribe it henceforward,. as it is an admirable agent for toning and strengthening the nervous system. I take the liberty of congratulating you on your
“Dear Sir,-I
made trial
discovery. (Signed)
DR. GIUSEPPE LAPPONI, Physician-in-Ordinary to His Holiness the Pope.
Weak Will Power
Mental Derangement Suicidal Tendency
Somewhere in that chart the trouble of nine out of every ten men and women is placed. It is the neurasthenic chart, and once a person can recognise his symptoms thereon he should know that within him is the worst of all diseases, a disease that, unchecked, can but lead to one endtotal collapse. Dr. Hartmann’s cure for the neurasthenic is brain-feeding. That this treatment, under Dr. Hartmann’s method, is effective, is proved by the splendid testi-
experiments has been to prepare a nerve food in which the brain-forming element is sufficiently strong to at once have a beneficial effect. To his new discovery Dr. Hartmann has given the title “Antineurasthin,‘, and already most remarkable cures have been effected by its administration. Antineurasithin is a preparation which contains all the nerve-building materials concentrated “ Lechithine ” in a highly and the form ; it is easily assimilated, benefits it confers are lasting. It has, therefore, nothing in common with medicines, drugs, or other stimulants-it is the natural nerve food which nourishes the nerve system independently of the body. To everyone requiring a genuine tonic-to the man whose nerves have become unstrung through business worries; to the woman who has become super-sensitive or morbid-this simple remedy will prove an inestimable benefit. The following testimony will certainly interest those who are (‘ nervous patients.” It comes from one of the most brilliant physicians in Europe-Dr. Giuseppe Lapponi, Physician-in-Ordinary to his Holiness the Pope :-
“Dr. GIUSEPPE LAPPONI,’ “ Physician-in-Ordinary to His Holiness Pope Pius X.” This is praise indeed, and the most satisfactory feature of Dr. Hartmann’s success is that the congratulation of his medical confreres is overwhelmingly supported by the testimony of actual users of “ Antineurasthin.,, The fact cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of readers that nervous disorders, no matter how slight, must not be neglected or played with. The small “ worry ‘, of to-day becomes the morbid melancholia or breakdown of to-morrow. It is useless to endeavour to seek temporary ‘, stimulation ” in ” chemical or other so-called tonics,‘, which can but have a serious after affect-a Loss of Nervous Force. Nervous disorders must be cured,, and if, on once again glancing at the chart given, you recognise your trouble, we advise you to at once investigate the claims of Antineurasthin. Thanks to the generosity of those in whom the distribution of Dr. Hartmann’s wonderful remedy is placed, it is possible to make a trial of Antineurasthin free of charge. It has been decided to send to all readers who write to the address given below a special supply of Antineurasthin, and in addition a copy of an interesting treatise on “ Nervous Disorders ,’ as well as Dr. Kuhner’s pamphlet. This will give all those who suffer a splendid opportunity of testing the value of a remedy that has been used in the practice of our most distinguished physicians. Many hundreds of unsolicited testimonials from grateful patients may at any time be seen by readers calling at the offices given below. It is important to rightly understand that “ neurasthenia ” is only complex in respect of the variety of its manifestations. Medical science traces indigestion to the stomach, and other diseases to other individual organs; but, as will be seen from the following " experiences” of sufferers, neurasthenia works in a way that, until Dr. Hartmann’s discovery, well merited its attribute of mystery, both as to its source and its devious ramifications. Its symptoms are ofttimes like water trickling out of many different openings, but from one hidden source.
COMPLlMENTARY TO TRIAL READERS. SUPPLY
It is certain that there are many readers of this paper who at times feel the effect of brain fag, who suffer from headache, depression, lassitude, weakness, and lack of concentration power. TO these as well as to those who are confirmed neurasthenics, the best advice that can be given is, “Accept the offer Obtain a free supply of made you here. Hartmann’s wonderful nerve-food Dr. and test its merits without delay.” All applications for free trial supplies of Antineurasthin and free copies of Dr. Kuhner’s treatise should be addressed to the Antineurasthin Company, 181, Botolph House, Eastcheap, London, E.C. With each application two penny stamps should be enclosed to cover cost of postage.
206.
Soon after, the Leader Writer was wending his rather understand,” she said, half-laughingly, ‘: where is that weary way through the sleeping streets. Already night boasted Humour ; where the Sympathy, in which it -the clear air of it,’ the stillness of it, the watchfulness always has its roots “? of it-was developing some occult sense within him. Toleration, her twin sister, in richest Orange, but He had noted this on other similar occasions. Here murmured, “As you would be done by. ” were things that seemingly could not be measured, nor Foresight was positively regal in a gorgeous red robe, weighed, nor judged. Unconsciously the steady con- Her voice was queenly too, and her bearing was of one tinuity of this thing called “night ” got hold of him. who knew of the things of Destiny. “ Look what is When writing leaders one had one’s mind nicely con- shaping itself, even under your eyes,” ,she said ; “ I see fined within reasonable’ compass. Spaciousness was not a new standard of womanhood being evolved out of the exactly conducive to argument, and fine distinctions, spirit of the times.” and weighty reckoning. The Leader Writer looked a little sheepish at this, as He felt he could hardly have written ‘what he had written, out here. He began to he remembered having said, more than once, that the feel the glamour of that previous argument wearing off. women who had irritated him so much by their seemAlmost, he felt argumentative courage “oozing out,” ingly senseless behaviour were degrading the whole with ‘the warmth, at his finger-tips. He certainly did question of the rights of womanhood for years to come. not feel quite so indignant now. He let himself into “And was it quite truthful,” said a clear silvery his quiet home, and was soon fast asleep. voice, “to say that no cause had ever before succeeded And he dreamed a dream, It was no longer winter, when conducted on these lines-that it was hence but soft, early, summer. He was stretched luxuriously doomed to failure? ” The man felt there must be no on tender green -the green of May, surely. He was. trifling with Truth. Her gown was of the blue of the curiously interested in watching young clouds travel distant skies. But her eyes told you she might be slowly across a wistful sky. When the sun came out approached, though she certainly could not be prothey seemed ‘to ‘melt away. Birds were singing close pitiated. by. Those hills just under the cloud area looked “I should like to know where the sense of Loyalty very near in a sudden brilliant ray of light, almost to. principle comes in,” said the seventh lady, who was every break standing out distinctly in their faulty sides. robed in rich violet. “ Because an earnest, and there-. Then over the crest of the hill, little clouds were seen fore, importunate group do not hesitate to be less interested in the retention of tradition, than to tread the scudding along. The sun shone out, and a rainbow beamed forth in response. So perfect, it held the hill in untrodden way of the pioneer, shall you forget that you really do claim to stand for progress? its beauteous clasp like a living ring of jewels. Then, Why should strangely enough, it began’ to move ! Fascinated, the you betray your own loyalty to the cause of freedom?” Gentle Hope now stepped forward. “I stand,‘! she Leader Writer watched it coming nearer and nearer, He, ‘stood up, but soon was enveloped in the glorious said, “for the eternal spring ; that out of the dead refulgence of it all. He dared gaze no longer, and selves of all may arise a new hope, the new aspiration, covered his eyes, waiting for he knew not what. And and Truth must always be free if I am to come to ‘you, and without me you cannot live. Sometimes I am then he felt conscious that something had happened. called Faith, for I stand too for, the resurrection of all Looking up, he knew it as part of the beautiful May Because these morning that he should be surrounded, as he was, by seemingly lost and forgotten hopes. women believe in me, they shall bring their cause to seven wondrously lovely women. It was quite plain victory. ” And as she spoke, the Leader Writer they were fairies. You never saw such beautiful forms and features outside Fairyland, Indeed, he remem- noticed that things seemed to be getting greener and bered now he had seen something like them long years greener. The Rainbow Fairies had somehow melted away,. but ago’ in his sister’s fairy tale books, which to tell the truth, he had always preferred to some of his own lite- the vast green expanse remained to show that Hope had, rary possessions, Here they were, standing round him just been there, for resting on everything round was the in a perfect curve, and why ? He noticed that one and reflection from her robes, The Leader Writer began to wonder where he had all, they were clothed in some sort of hazy impalpable He did not material ; evidently, he thought with some sense of read about the “Rainbow being a sign.” think that other Rainbow could have been more beautisequence, it was rainbow substance. The first Rainbow Lady was clothed in Red, the ful, or more full of meaning than this one, when ForeHope, Truth, Justice, second in Orange, the third in Yellow, the fourth in sight, Tolerance, Imagination, Green, the fifth in Blue, the sixth in Indigo, and the and Loyalty came from their cloudy thrones to speak to him. He was just making up his mind that he seventh in Violet. would in future spend at least one day a week in lookThey wore what looked like cloud-belts. The Leader ing for a return visit from the Rainbow Fairies, when Writer remembered having seen pictures of “Those MARY E. GAWTHORPE. Women ” wearing, something of this kind. But these he woke up. were beautiful fairies. They did not emblaze on themselves “Votes for Women ” at every turn. In fact, he SMALL & SAFE INVESTMENTS was very much relieved to see that the devices standIN CONTINENTAL SECURITIES, ing out in crystal raindrops on their cloud-belts were “Foresight,” and “Toleration,” and “ Imagination,” Send for Particulars (1d. Postcard), and “ Justice,” and and “ Hope,” and “ Truth,” CUNLIFFE, RUSSELL, & Co., ‘Loyalty.” 10 and 12, Place de la Bourse, Paris, And now “Justice ” stepped forward, and her Indigo robes trailed silently behind and about her, and round her head “We want to talk to you about these,” she FOR EXAMS. AND said, indicating with a wave what she and the others GENERAL CULTURE, Educational Booklet Free. all held in their hands. Then the Leader Writer saw Expert Tutors. Low Fees. Special Commercial and what he had not before noticed ; that all the Rainbow Literary Courses Fairies were possessed of newspaper cuttings, which he J. B. RATHBONE, A.C.P., instantly divined as his own “leaders ” ! A little guiltily, Phoenix Correspondence College, he sought the face of Justice. Her face stood out like GUILDFORD. a. star on its dusky background. How like she was to If You Miss It You Lose. the waiting night. She could wait, too. “Do you Order it of your newsagent at Once. think it just,“, she said, “to accuse others, because theyhysteria and ofunwomanliness, for are women, argument's sake? Remember,wait for I can afford to Lively, Original, Uncompromising. the verdict; but all the time I watch.” Weekly TWOPENCE Imagination in her yellow robes was so like the sun PIONEER PRESS, 2, NEWCASTLE STREET, E.C, that he could scarcely look at her. “Do you not yet
‘THE FREETHINKER.'
York and told the truth about New York, he could scarcely have been more severely blamed than he has been-and by people otherwise apparently quite sane(AN OCCASIONAL CAUSERIE.) The French book is entitled : “ Correspondance entre A MELANCHOLY Christmas, it seems ! According to “ a Alexis de Tocqueville et Arthur de Gobineau,” edited by well-known member of the trade,” the business is once M. L. Schemann. De Tocqueville, I fear, is now chiefly again-the second time this year-about to crumble remembered in France by the malicious allusions to him into ruins. This well-known member of the trade, who in “ Le monde où l’on s’ennuie,” The Comte de Gobidiscreetly refrains from signing his name, writes to the neau, on the contrary, seems to be just beginning to be ‘ Athenaeum ‘) in answer to Mr. E. H. Cooper’s letter Gobineau was certainly the more original known. about the disastrous influence of royal books on the spirit, But in these letters he writes as a disciple to an publishing season. According to him, Mr, Cooper is all impressive master. Politics are the, sole subject of the wrong. The end of profitable publishing is being book. Many of the letters are nearly as long as St. brought about, not by their Majesties, but by the Paul’s epistle to the Ephesians. And all are dull, for in It appears that too many 350 pages there is not a spark of humour. But they are authors and their agents, Authors and their agents have dull with a solid sagacious, and agreeable dulness, books are published. evidently some miraculous method of forcing publishers And as a compendium of political ideas, and statement to publish books which they do not want to publish. I of political situations, between 1843 and 1859, they will am not a member of the trade, but I should have be useful to the student and enlightening to the darkthought that dew things could be easier than not to pub- ness of the miscellaneous reader. The following was lish a book. Presumably the agent stands over the written by Gobineau in 1856 : “The day when the north publisher with a contract in one hand and a revolver in of Persia is Russian and perhaps the south English will the other, and, after a glance at the revolver, the pub- not be an ordinary day in the history of the world, and lisher signs without glancing at the contract. the effects, the terrible effects., will not be slow to pro* * duce themselves.” The hasty note in which this OCCURS Secondly, it appears, authors and their agents habitu- fills over twenty large pages of print! In reply to ally compel the publisher ‘to pay too much, so that he’ another political epistle of terrific length, de Tocquehabitually publishes at a loss. (Novels, that is.) I ville says : ‘ Your letter, my dear friend, has given us should love to know how the trick is done, but a well- veritable emotions ! ” Who could doubt it? I have: known member of the trade does not go into details.’ enjoyed the society of these honest men, who obviously He merely states the broad fact. Thirdly, the seven- disdained to be bright and witty for the delectation of Y ~dt + penny reprint of the popular novel is ruining the already posterity. ruined six-shilling novel, It is comforting to perceive Claudius Clear has printed my essay on “Work and that. this wickedness on the part of the sevenpenny Worry ‘? In the ‘, British Weekly,” and he has also reprint cannot indefinitely continue. FOR when there printed a number of criticisms of it, some decidedly in are no six-shilling novels to reprint, obviously there can my favour, and some decidedly not in my favour. The be no sevenpenny reprints of them. There is justice in bulk of the criticisms are naturally inept, and deal with England yet ; but a well-known member of the trade everything except the point at issue : which was, has not noticed that the sevenpenny novel, in killing its whether I could write an essay “readable, intelligent, own father, must kill itself. At any rate he does not and helpful without putting in some sentences as’ bad refer to the point. The adin themselves as any of Bulwer Lytton’s.” % + Bc verse critics are occupied either in objecting to my I have been young, and now am nearly old. Silvered views and style, or in searching for platitudes. There is the once brown hair, Dim is the eye that on a time was no mention of platitudes in Claudius ‘Clear’s very could decipher minion type by moonlight. But never precise challenge. Claudius Clear knew, I knew, every have. I seen the publisher without a fur coat in winter one knew, that nobody ever has, and that nobody ever nor his seed begging bread. Nor do I expect to see will, write a readable essay without a statement that such sights. Yet I have seen an author begging bread, cannot be colourably accused of being a platitude., Yet and instead of bread, I gave him a railway ticket. Claudius Clear headed my essay with this title : “‘Can Authors have always been in the wrong, and they you find the platitude? ” Further, at the end of my always will be : grasping, unscrupulous, mercenary essay Claudius Clear wrote : “ I do not propose to offer creatures that they are ! Some of them haven’t even any, opinion of my own, as no doubt I am biassed.” the wit to keep their books from being burnt at the An ingenious method of offering one’s opinion while stake by the executioners of ‘the National Vigilance As-’ avoiding the difficulty of defending it! I would willsociation. I wonder that publishers don’t dispense with ingly return Claudius Clear’s cheque in exchange for a them altogether, and carry on unaided the great tradibrief essay from him, not on “Work and Worry.,” tion of English literature. Anyhow, publishers have had which is a fatuous subject, but on “Astuteness and my warm sympathy this Christmas time. When I survey I should not offer any opinion of my own, Morals. ” myself, as an example, lapped in luxury and, clinking partly because I am biassed, and partly because I have. multitudinous gold coins extorted from publishers by already made a sufficiently large number of people suffimy hypnotising rascal of an agent ; and when I think ciently angry by my essay, The most furious are no of the publishers, endeavouring in their four coats to doubt those who have said least. My intention was to keep warm in fireless rooms and picking turkey limbs cause fury, and I am grateful to Claudius Clear for so while filling up bankruptcy forms---I blush. Or I should bravely allowing me to preach in his pulpit. blush, were not authors notoriously incapable of that JACOB TONSON., action. w * * A. volume of letters which the French publishers, Messrs. Plon-Nourrit, have sent me makes me wish Books on all Subjects and for all Examinations that there existed more on the same plan : namely, an (Elementary and Advanced) supplied. arrangement in chronological order of letters exchanged BOOKS SENTON APPROVAL, SEND FORLISTS STATE WANTS. between two or more persons. To read the ordinary PRICES GIVEN BOOKS ---BOUGHT. GOOD collection of letters, however excellent, is like overhear135 w. & G. FOYLE CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON, W.C. ing a conversation at one end of a telephone. Some day, perhaps, somebody will piece together the letters of Alexander Pope and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, for instance. She was his match, and more. ‘The great in LIFE ASSURANCEare embodied in the plans of the nineteenth century ‘example of the kind of thing I desire BRITISH HOMES ASSURANCE CORPORATION, LTD., 6, Paul to see multiplied IS the volume of love letters between Street, Finsbury, London, E.C. Particulars post free, the Brownings ; for the publication of which their son Good Prospects for Active Agents. has my gratitude. He was immensely right to publish M. GREGORY, Managing Director it. Yet if he had committed a murder, or gone to New
Books and Persons.
208
THE
NEW
AGE
Philanthropy
.DECEMBER 31, 1908
BOOK OF THE WEEK.
Who is to be Master ?
of English works dealing with Nietzsche is not by any means extraordinarily large, and admirers of the so-called Immoralist will be glad to learn that the lectures recently delivered at the University College by Mr. A. M. Ludovici have been reprinted in book form,++ The author does not give with some additional matter. any details regarding Nietzsche’s life ; and expressly declares ‘that his book is but an introduction to the philosophy of Nietzsche ; but it is by far the best introductory manual we have yet read, lucidly written, and admirably arranged. There is no doubt that even now most of Nietzsche’s doctrines are grossly misunderstood ; and, as Mr. Ludovici remarks in the first lecture, “the enquirer into his life and works gradually realises how completely, and often maliciously, he has been misinterpreted and misjudged ; not only by ignorant commentators . . . but even by his best and We believe that Mr. Ludovici oldest friends as well.” has himself misjudged Nietzsche in only one respect : it seems to us that he ascribes too much importance to Darwin’s influence over Nietzsche. But we are aware that there is a difference of opinion in this regard, and the author’s attitude on the question cannot be said to detract from the merits of his book. And one feels Mr. Ludovici anything for the inclined to forgive wonderfully clear though necessarily concise passages (pp. 19-37) in which he traces “roughly, what has taken place in European thought since the birth of Christ.” Probably the most interesting of the four chapters is The author’s wide reading, that on the Superman. deep knowledge, and critical acumen have a worthy branch of the subject to deal with, and the discussion on “the survival of the fittest ” is a masterly piece of work, showing Mr. Ludovici at his best. A word should perhaps be added as to the views of It may Socialism held by the disciple and his master. seem odd that, although Nietzsche rails so heartily against Socialism in all its forms, advanced Socialists have everywhere taken up his philosophy with enthusiasm. A long article would be required to deal with this curious psychological problem : in the meantime we may merely hint that Nietzsche’s views were at one time what might somewhat loosely be called individualistic-he was, if we may use the word, a personalist. And Socialists are individualists, strange though the statement may appear to superficial students. We observe with some regret that both the author and Dr. Levy have given their high authority to a spelling which seems to us quite incorrect : Nietzschean, The mere fact that Nietzsche instead of Nietzschian. ends in “e ” is hardly sufficient excuse for making an adjective of the word by tacking on “an.” Gladstone Austin Dobson correctly forms Gladstonian ; Mr. writes about “post-Popian satire,” not Popean. We are inclined to think that Nietzschean was first coined by some slipshod American journalist. We hope the calamity foreshadowed by Dr. Levy in the last paragraph of his preface will not overtake the author for some time yet. In these days of shallow thinking and scrappy reading, there is plenty of work for a man of Mr. Ludovici’s exceptional abilities to J. M. KENNEDY. tackle. An Introduction * ((Who is to be Master of the World ? to the Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. By A. R. Ludovici. Preface by Dr. Oscar Levy. (Foulis. 2s. 6d. net.)
THE number
REVIEWS.
and the State. By B. Kirkman Gray. (P. S. King and Son. 7s. 6d.) Edited from her late husband’s MS. by Mrs. Kirkman Gray, ably assisted by Miss B. L. Hutchins, and admirably suited to the sociological student who seeks a co-ordinated view of the whole field of public and private relief, without having time for research, and to the reader of average education interested in social politics, this volume is sure to attain a wide circulation. Its existence would seem to be due to the humanitarian belief of the author that -there should be relief of some sort, and to his desire to examine the adequacy of existing forms; while its methods of presentation are those of the historian and statistician. Thus it is largely a comparison between State and Philanthropy without general bias, but with a particular bias in favour sometimes of the one and sometimes of the other. It falls into two parts. The first part outlines the transition in thought, and shows that perhaps the most important development in recent years is the growth of a collective conscience. For centuries the individual has helped the distressed member of the community, but to-day there has arisen side by side with individual initiative, a recognition of the collective duty of the nation to its less-fortunates, and much recent legislation, notably the reformed Poor Law,’ has had for its aim the helping of those who are known to The inadequacy of the State action be in distress. has, however, raised strong opposition on the part of the philanthropist, and we have, as a result, forms of organised charity, such as the C.O.S., springing into The second part considers the various types existence. of State intervention, which it very ably and usefully summarises, at the outset, in six necessary classes : Annexation, Partition, Co-operation, Supervision, Coand Delegation, showing various degrees ordination, of State action, and action in relation to the philanthropist. In such ways, then, the author affords a survey of the broad question of State v. Philanthropic action ; while throughout he deals with it in a spirit of compromise, believing in the necessity both of State and philanthropic action, while maintaining the inadequacy of the latter. Arguing for State control, he says : “The necessary provision for the weaker classes of society is a social concern, and if so, it can hardly be disputed that the State should consider the remedy and (in some form or other) should control its application.” In another place he argues : “The State should maintain healthy conditions, and if healthy conditions are really to be maintained, the State must do the work ” ; and follows with a criticism of the defect of the State in this connection. Again : “Now there is talk, indeed, of getting rid of the present Poor Law, but no one for a moment imagines that the care of the old, the young, and the sick will cease to be a social charge.” Advocating private initiative, he particularly favours the C.O.S., and this not because of its organised method, which may be a mistaken one, but because of its underlying principle. Principle, he insists, is the thing, and though the organisation may be wrong, the principle is still right. Further on he criticises the C.O.S. in its relation to character : “The fundamental error of the C.O.S. consists in a false antithesis between character and circumstance.” He suggests that what is wanted is an improvement of character without making circumstances intolerable. As an instance of his impartiality, we may note his summing-up in favour both of the State and philanthropy, urging that though “we still incline to side with Government we may well retain a kindly against philanthropist,
DECEMBER
31 1908
feeling for these men who tried to do the nation’s work at a time when the nation herself neglected it.” In the chapter on Co-operation he considers that the prison problem is to some extent an unnecessary one, seeing that half the cases of imprisonment are the direct result of poverty, and could be avoided if workers were enabled to pay fines (say) by an increase of wages. In that on Co-ordination he touches on a very important point where he speaks of law having to do with right and theology with duty, but “Philanthropy, in spite of its errors, has brought into view the question of human need.” Dealing with hospitals (under Partition), he concludes that “the funds of the voluntary hospitals are insufficient for the task imposed on them, and there is no prospect of their becoming more adequate. ” The impression left by reading this interesting book is a mixed one. An able and successful attempt by an expert’ co-ordinator to deal with the entire problem of relief from the standpoint of history and statistics, it nevertheless exhibits, too markedly perhaps,, the limitations of its author, who is apparently not an expert in other directions, having an explicit reliance upon experts. For instance,. he deals with social pathology, but does not speak as a doctor ; with the relation of master and man, but does not speak with knowledge of the relation of master and man. Again, in general, he is in favour of authority, but nowhere does he point out the danger of authority, as evidenced in such crudities as vaccination and vivisection, or, indeed, in any method which will play upon the superstition of the people. In short, he never suggests radical changes, and perhaps because he does not go to the root of the question, he misses the key to the whole problem, which is to be found neither in the State or philanthropy, but in the individual to be helped, and consists in setting him free to help himself, and punishing him if he neglects this duty. A summary of the valuable historical facts of the book would be extremely useful for sociological reference. A Royal Quartette. By Mrs. Bearne. (T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1908. 10s. 6d. net.) The four royal ladies who form the subject of this book are Marie Adélaide de Savoie, Duchess of Burgundy, Madame Adelaide, daughter of Louis XV, Marie Luisa, Infanta of Spain, and Marie Amelie Thérèse, wife of Louis XVIII. Readers of light history will find that Mrs. Bearne, as in her other books, has provided them with much interesting material. Very little is known of Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain, whose love affairs were as numerous as those of most royalties of that period. The Spanish Court was so intolerably dull in intellectual pursuits, as it is to-day, by the way, that the only occupations to beguile the time were the gaieties of love, and the trickeries of political intrigue. Spain was one of the worst countries in those days, as now, for the conveniences and comforts of civilisation. All these things reacted on Maria Luisa, the Infanta, daughter of the Queen, and she welcomed a marriage with the Prince of Parma, as an escape from maternal influence. The Infanta was fated to become one of Napoleon’s I pawns, and after the loss of her husband, she led a miserable life, trying to grapple with forces which were too strong for her. Considering the immoralities of her mother, her own narrow training, and the follies of the period in which she lived, Maria Luisa, on the whole, guarded her children, her honour, and her country’s interests well. At one time, she was deprived of all her property, and kept a close prisoner in a convent. The purity of her life stands out in relief from the and immorality and treachery of the Revolutionary Napoleonic periods. The other ladies’ lives are better known, and we refer our readers to Mrs. Bearne’s book for particulars of their history.
New Truths Press:) for Old. By Robb Lawson. (New
Age
A BOOK EVERY
SOCIALIST SHOULD READ,
LEADERS OF SOCIALISM
PAST By G. AND R. PRESENT. S. TAYLOR.
Crown 8vo, Wrapper, 1s. net. By post, 1s. 2d. Cloth, 1s. 6d; By post, 1s. 8d.
“ Briefly, but with judgment and vivacity, Mr. Taylor reviews the panaceas which have been advocated by social reformers from Robert Owen to Robert Blatchford, points out their merits, and shows where they have failed. Karl Marx is, in Mr. Taylor’s opinion, “ the greatest figure in Socialist history.” Fourier he thinks rather lightly of. Mr, Bernard Shaw is treated as Mr. Shaw treats others, Mr, Keir Hardie is handled with respect, and Mr. Robert Blatchford is dealt with in the lightly humorous way in which Mr, Taylor is clearly a master. It is an able little book,“ -The
Scotsman.
CONTENTS
ROBERT OWEN SAINT-SIMON FOURIER LOUIS BLANC FERDINAND LASSALLE KARL MARX WILLIAM MORRIS
:-
H. M. HYNDMAN SIDNEY WEBB J. KEIR HARDIE G. BERNARD SHAW JEAN JAURES ROBERT BLATCHFORD
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With Introduction
by Dr. C. W. SALEEBY.
“ Prof. Forel’s ideas stated always with frankness and yet in a manner which cannot give offence are worthy of the attention of all who are concerned for the improvement of the race.“- The Bristol Mercury. " We hope all sensible people will study what Forel says on sex relations and the prevention of the creation of diseased offspring. He is plain-spoken, and yet not a word is misplaced or Indelicate.“- The Pioneer. ‘ Prof. Forel deals with the highest interests of human life, and with a question of which must remain fundamental for man so long as he is mortal. -Yorkshire F. Times.
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At a time when so many ideas about the importance
DECEMBER
31, 1908
of psychology are flooding the country, it is not surprising, that many literary writers should appear whose methods are perhaps more psychological than literary. It is only at rare intervals that Nature achieves a St. Augustine or Oscar Wilde, whose methods are both literary and psychological. These many writers are mostly occupied with the idea of self-revelation, with enlightenment not as to light, but as to soul-states. They see themselves, as it were, projected into space, and they see some at least of the errors in their own make-up, and endeavour to remove some of the ignorance which threatens their grasp of truth. So, in time, truth reappears tested by temperament. Thus in Mr. Lawson's book we watch certain forms of experience tested by a perverse temperament reappear as individual opinion, The value and trend of this opinion may be gathered from the curious titles of his essays ; among them, The Decay of Individuality, The Futility of Speech, The Use of Eugenics. As a psychological document the book is interesting and readable, and is, on this side, commended to all who are averse from the dross from lazy minds and seek the gold from industrious minds. The chief fault lies in its title, “New Truths for Old.” A truth is never old, for what is a truth at any time is a truth for all time. Again, nothing is new except the old, and “therefore the exchange suggested is impossible. You cannot exchange a thing for itself. The title thus should not be “New Truths for Old,” but “The Sad Uses of Perversity.‘” Once Aboard the Lugger. By A. S. M. Hutchinson. (Alston Rivers, 6s.) If fool-fostering were an indictable offence, Mr. Hutchinson ‘would have paused before writing a foolish introduction in which he excuses the existence of his clever analytical novel on the ground that it was written to ape the commonplace, In other words, its author is a philistine writing for, and manufacturing, fools. If we analyse Mr. Hutchinson’s temperament, as contained in his book, we shall find it is not commonplace, and therefore temperament forbids him reproducing the commonplace, just as it did in the case of those remarkable writers of novels of misery, Hugo, Daudet, Gissing, and Crane. So, though Mr. Hutchinson’s story IS conventional enough, just the old, old theme of man’s pursuit and capture of woman, and his suggested behaviour when she’s fairly under hatches-its treatment is not commonplace. Indeed, it is strongly Meredithian in unreality of character, choppy style and a restless tacking of method which springs from the author’s idea that the novel should return to its original form as a sort of story told at a Plato banquet. A new and welcome writer to all thoughtful epigram-browsers. Priests of Progress. By G. Colemore. (S. Paul and co. 6s. Battersea’s Brown Dog looms large. Broadly viewed it is an embodied protest against the priestcraft of the doctor. The world is indeed growing more merciful, as Tolstoy said, and we are preparing to encourage mercy. Those who wish to understand the case for anti-vivisection are advised to read the propagandist novel under review. The question of antivivisection is not an easy one to solve, as the author has no doubt found ; but whatever difficulties are presented have been boldly and conscientiously met. The plan has been to examine the question in terms of evidence from the most reliable sources. The laudable intention of the book’ is to encourage everyone to consider the question fairly on this evidence. Its vivid description of ghastly operations and their blasting results may have the further effect of encouraging an avoidance of disease, and thereby tend to remove the only excuse for vivisection. The book is earnestly written ; it deals with a vital subject, its evidence is important, carefully considered and presented. The Origin and Nature of Love. By Chung YU Wang. (Open Road Publishing Co.) What is love? The embodiment of personal beauty {Homer) ; sensual pleasure (Catullus, Tibullus, Ovid) chivalry and protectorship (Poets of Provence) ;a
mental affliction (Shakespeare, M. N. D.) ; sweets for the insane (Arab poet) ; spiritual affinity (Plato) ; communion of two souls (Disraeli) ; elective affinity (Goethe) ; the social instinct (Sand) ; self-abnegation (Lytton) ; feeling of possession (Bain) ; the sexual instinct (Schopenhauer) ; disease (De Fleury) ; insanity [Lombroso) ; the point of sexual maturity (the gentleman with the imitation Chinese name). Thus the God of Adolescence continues to visit the earth Jupiter-like in many and varied forms, and theories on his origin and nature persistently possess and baffle the human mind. Some grow hoary and grey-whiskered, like the present one.
CORRESPONDENCE.
For the opinions expressed by correspondents, Editor doesnot the hold himself responsible. Correspondence intended for publication should be addressed to the Editor and written On one side of the paper only. SPECIAL NOTICE. --Correspondents are requested to be brief Many letters weekly are omitted on account of their length.
Through the summer it was not perfect ; still, one has to be thankful for small housing mercies in the country. By November, however, no thankfulness was possible, and to take up one’s bed and bedding and walk became the chief end of any man in the house. To get up in the morning to put on damp clothes, and that in an upstair room with a fire burning through the night; to find anything left hanging for a day in the room damp, and the walls quite damp to sight and touch, despite the fire having been on for ten’ days and nights ; to find the wall- an inside one-of one room mouldcovered, and the furniture the same, in any room left for a few days without a fire were the little things that made up life there. Of course, in a cottage, or in the slums, that would have been expected, but this house was a middle-class house. The result of it was that my wife and myself both got rheumatism, and, in addition, being disposed to phthisis, I myself acquired a fine, healthy cough, with the customary no addenda. Naturally and reasonably I concluded that-if damages were to be obtained-at the least I could refuse to pay rent beyond the date on which I left. In a country where the poor milkman may not water his milk, the poor baker make potato bread, the poor grocer sand his sugar, surely the rich landlord may not let one a house and go scatheless when the house is a death-trap pure and simple. Clearly, by letting a house there is a tacit understanding that it is fit for occupation, and when it is uninhabitable it is a case of obtaining money under false pretences. In this case the previous tenants had left in exactly the same way. and with spoiled carpets ; and I was told in the last six years four tenants had come and gone. Ah me ! Before expressing myself to the landlord I cautiously consulted “ Woodfall’s Law of Tenant and Land-
TO YOUR TENTS, TENANTS! To THE EDITOR OF " THE NEW AGE.~’ Early last summer I became quarterly tenant of a small house in rural Essex without any written agreement.
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* * *
211
“There is no implied duty lord.” What a fall was there: in the owner of an unfurnished house which is in a ruinous and unsafe condition to inform a proposed tenant that it is unfit for habitation; and no action will lie against him for an omission to do so in the absence of express warranty or active deceit.” This last phrase is delightfully naif in Mr. Woodfall, who elsewhere states :Lord Macnaughten quoted with approval the following judgment of Erle, C. J. . . . ‘ there is no law against letting a tumbledown house.’ ” That is between the noble lord and his intelligence; personally, I can quote it with disapproval only. Why a landlord should be a licensed murderer and thief is hard to see ; it is easy to see whose are the laws and the profits. Fascinated by serpent Woodfall, I pursued my investigations, to find that (I) if my house had been burnt to the ground on, say, September 30th, I should have been liable for the rent up to March 25th (as I am, by the way, at present) ; (2) that if a stack of chimneys had fallen-and I am no architect to tell when such are insecure-on a passerby, I should have been responsible for damages. O tenants ! A house is a fearful responTo your tents, sibility. If I mistake not, the responsibilities are better But in England the law clearly distributed in Scotland. permits a landlord to do his tenant to death by slow degrees ; for your business may make a certain district necessary to you, and if no other house is to be had? Or, again, it may be impossible for you to pay two rents at once. Such are a few of England’s little laws ; the laws of the lords and landlords. T. C. PECHT.
Y * *
by his ability to give her all that her heart desires. more could she wish for? ” he asks. F. E. CHRESTIEN. A FRENCH VIEW.
To THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE.” An English lady, recently, in Paris, had cause to refer to a gentleman as a “crank.” Her friend, a Frenchman, asked her to explain the meaning of the word. The lady did so. The Frenchman could not understand. The lady further explained. After some moments the Frenchman explained, "Ah, I know-you mean ze Fabian.”
*
+
+
DONALD DEYNE.
PRESIDENT ” TAFT. To THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE.” May I point out to you two very serious blunders in one of your editorials in THE NEW AGE for December 10th. You speak of Taft as “President” Taft; that he is not, and cannot be until March next. Then you go on to say that this “President ” Taft is “paid “(what is he paid for; being something he isn’t ?) to say one thing and the judges of the Supreme Court another thing, and on this “payment” of two parties by one State to make two radically opposing statements you base your entire argument in the editorial. LOUIS H. WETMORE.
COOMBE
FOR
COMPLIMENTS OF THE SEASON. To THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE.” “It is a serious waste of time to concern ourselves with any system which we know cannot be introduced until the organic relations of human society are altered.” Thus speaks Zarathustra Carnegie to the New Year. And so say all alterers of “organic relations.”
* * * EDWARD HARRISON.
An attempt to secure proper scope for the play of instincts and impulses, and to provide a series of purposes by the performance of which ideas may grow into clearness and freedom. Principal, MISS CLARK.
WESTERHAM, GIRLS AND
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SCHOOL,
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BEER. To THE EDITOR OF CcTHE NEW AGE.” When Mr. Belloc, in his letter to Mr. Wells, speaks of ‘(how many a hearty drinker writes purulent teetotalism because his cowardice is owned by some wealthy guttersnipe or other, who was never taught to drink like a man,” he betrays as much intolerance as any abstainer ever did or could. The expression. to “take your drink like a man,” belongs to the callow youth in his first year’s emancipation from home. I daresay I have drunk more beer and, in in various countries of Europe, eighteen years’ residence more fancy liquors than Mr. Belloc ever saw, but I assure Furthermore, the great object him there is nothing in it. of the Tories is to keep the people endormi ; to lull them to rest, and they rely upon Mr. Belloc, Mr. Chesterton, and Bring about the communisation of others to help them. E. HARVEY. beer and the people won’t ask for bread.
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Mr. BAX. To THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE ” At the last meeting of the Willesden branch the following resolution was adopted :-‘( That this branch enters its emphatic protest against the attitude of Comrade Belfort Bax in associating himself with some of the worst enemies of the working classes for the reactionary purpose of blocking the way of the political emancipation of the women of Great Britain. This branch considers Comrade Bax’s activity in this direction to be not only a repudiation of an essential point of the programme of the S.D.P., and, indeed, of all Socialist parties all over the world, but also a violation of the best and noblest feelings of the working classes, and a serious damage to their immediate and future interest. “It further considers that such an attitude on the part of a leading member of the S.D.P. must tend to alienate the English working men and women from Social Democracy, and, therefore, expresses its expectation that Comrade Belfort Bax will, in future? put some more restraint upon his public propaganda against such an important principle of B. H. GOLLOP. Social Democracy.”
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