<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:METS="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ID="pari000092" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-7.xsd">
    <mods:titleInfo>
        <mods:title>Garde Impériale Gendarme</mods:title>
    </mods:titleInfo>
    <mods:name type="personal">
        <mods:namePart>Crémière, Léon</mods:namePart>
        <mods:namePart type="date">1831-1913</mods:namePart>
        <mods:role>
            <mods:roleTerm type="text">photographer</mods:roleTerm>
        </mods:role>
    </mods:name>
    <mods:originInfo>
        <mods:place>
            <mods:placeTerm authority="marccountry" type="code">fr</mods:placeTerm>
            <mods:placeTerm type="text">Paris</mods:placeTerm>
        </mods:place>
        <mods:publisher>C et H</mods:publisher>
        <mods:dateIssued>1869-1871</mods:dateIssued>
        <mods:dateIssued point="start">1869</mods:dateIssued>
        <mods:dateIssued point="end">1871</mods:dateIssued>
    </mods:originInfo>
    <mods:physicalDescription>
        <mods:extent>1 photograph</mods:extent>
    </mods:physicalDescription>
    <mods:abstract>A traditional part of the French Army, cantinières were attached to battalions of
        the French army and wore a soldier's uniform, as represented in this "carte de visite".
        While they would be primarily in charge of carrying food and drink to soldiers, they would
        also participate in some assaults or battles such as those of the Franco-Prussian War
        (1870-1871). Despite the horrific defeat of the French by the Germans in this war, the city
        of Paris refused to surrender to German occupation of the capital. Although the newly
        elected French National Assembly, under the direction of Adolphe Thiers, accepted a peace
        agreement with Prussia and negotiated terms of surrender in March of 1871, the city of Paris
        refused submission to Thiers and the Germans, and opted instead to elect a municipal council
        known as the Commune of Paris. Officially established on March 18th and comprised mainly of
        members of the working class, the Commune was considered to be a socialist government formed
        by and for the people, and represented an attempt for Parisians to rewrite laws and reclaim
        power from the bottom. Shortly after establishing itself, the Commune passed laws that
        lowered rent, granted freedom of the press, separated church and state, and improved general
        working conditions for Parisian citizens. The Commune's socialist approach depended on
        representation of the city as a whole, including women. Women played an active role in
        participating in various committees and serving as soldiers in battles against the
        Versailles government. One club, known as the "Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et
        les soins aux blessés," founded by Marx's friend Elizabeth Dmitrieff, was an especially
        active association of women who helped to aid wounded communards. The cantinières were
        affiliated with this group, and were responsible for providing food and drink to the
        National Guard of the Commune. They were known to carry coffee or brandy in their casks and
        were often observed marching and fighting with their battalion. </mods:abstract>
    <mods:subject>
        <mods:topic>Women soldiers</mods:topic>
        <mods:geographic>France</mods:geographic>
        <mods:temporal>19th century</mods:temporal>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject>
        <mods:temporal>Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871</mods:temporal>
        <mods:topic>Food supply</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject>
        <mods:geographic>France</mods:geographic>
        <mods:topic>History</mods:topic>
        <mods:temporal>Commune, 1871</mods:temporal>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject>
        <mods:topic>Vivandière</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject displayLabel="Thematic Category"><mods:topic>Art</mods:topic><mods:topic>Photographs</mods:topic></mods:subject><mods:subject displayLabel="Thematic Category"><mods:topic>Social Life</mods:topic><mods:topic>Gender studies</mods:topic></mods:subject><mods:subject displayLabel="Thematic Category"><mods:topic>Government and Politics</mods:topic><mods:topic>Wars</mods:topic></mods:subject><mods:subject displayLabel="Thematic Category"><mods:topic>Art</mods:topic><mods:topic>Fashion</mods:topic></mods:subject><mods:subject displayLabel="Historical Period"><mods:topic>1870-1871 (War, Siege, the Commune)</mods:topic></mods:subject><mods:relatedItem displayLabel="Collection:" type="host">
        <mods:titleInfo>
            <mods:title>Prints, Drawings and Watercolors from the Anne S.K. Brown Military
                Collection</mods:title>
        </mods:titleInfo>
        <mods:identifier type="COLID">6</mods:identifier>
        <mods:identifier type="URI">http://dl.lib.brown.edu/paris</mods:identifier>
    </mods:relatedItem>
    <mods:identifier type="METSID">1113403168206625</mods:identifier>
    <mods:typeOfResource>still image</mods:typeOfResource><mods:accessCondition type="rights statement" xlink:href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</mods:accessCondition><mods:accessCondition type="restriction on access">Collection is open for research.</mods:accessCondition></mods:mods>