<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ID="x" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3/mods-3-6.xsd">
    
    <mods:titleInfo lang="eng">
        <mods:title>The Role of Interpreters, or 'Linguas', in the Portuguese Empire during the 16th century</mods:title>
    </mods:titleInfo>
    <mods:titleInfo lang="por">
        <mods:title>O Papel dos Intérpretes, ou 'Línguas', no Império Português durante o século XVI</mods:title>
    </mods:titleInfo>
    
    <mods:name type="personal">
        <mods:namePart>Couto, Dejanirah</mods:namePart>
        <mods:affiliation>École Pratique des Hautes Études</mods:affiliation>
        <mods:role>
            <mods:roleTerm type="text" authority="marcrelator">author</mods:roleTerm>
        </mods:role>
    </mods:name>
    
    <mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
    <mods:genre authority="aat">articles</mods:genre>
    <mods:originInfo>
        <mods:dateIssued>Winter 2003</mods:dateIssued>
        <mods:dateIssued keyDate="yes" encoding="w3cdtf">2003-12</mods:dateIssued>
    </mods:originInfo>
    <mods:language usage="primary">
        <mods:languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</mods:languageTerm>
    </mods:language>
    <mods:language>
        <mods:languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">por</mods:languageTerm>
    </mods:language>
    <mods:physicalDescription>
        <mods:extent>10 p.</mods:extent>
        <mods:digitalOrigin>born digital</mods:digitalOrigin>
    </mods:physicalDescription>
    <mods:abstract lang="eng">This article analyses the different categories of interpreters (lingoas), the forms of their recruitment and the strategies of their use in the Portuguese Empire in Asia in the first half of the sixteenth century. The interpreters were as good as adventurers, convicts and natives, captives, renegades and converted slaves recruited during expeditions and military operations. Besides the social-economical status of these interpreters the article highlights the case of the territory of Macao where the necessity to answer to imperial bureaucracy determines the creation of a corps of interpreters (jurubaças) and perfectly organised family dynasties of "lingoas."</mods:abstract>
    <mods:abstract lang="por">Este artigo analisa as diferentes categorias de intérpretes (lingoas), as formas do seu recrutamento e as estratégias do seu uso no Império Português na Ásia na primeira metade do século XVI. Os intérpretes eram frequentemente aventureiros, condenados e nativos, cativos, renegados e escravos convertidos, recrutados durante expedições e operações militares. Além do status sócio-económico desses intérpretes, este artigo sublinha o caso do território de Macau, onde a necessidade de responder à burocracia imperial determina a criação de um grupo de intérpretes (jurubaças) e uma família dinástica de «lingoas» perfeitamente organizada.</mods:abstract>

    <mods:part>
        <mods:detail type="volume">
            <mods:number>1</mods:number>
            <mods:caption>vol.</mods:caption>
        </mods:detail>
        <mods:detail type="issue">
            <mods:number>2</mods:number>
            <mods:caption>no.</mods:caption>
        </mods:detail>
        <mods:detail type="article">
            <mods:number>3</mods:number>
            <mods:caption>no.</mods:caption>
        </mods:detail>
    </mods:part>
    
    <mods:subject authority="lcsh">
        <mods:topic>Imperialism</mods:topic>
        <mods:geographic>Portugal</mods:geographic>
        <mods:temporal>16th century</mods:temporal>
    </mods:subject>  
    <mods:subject authority="lcsh">
        <mods:geographic>Macau (China : Special Administrative Region)</mods:geographic>
        <mods:topic>Civilization</mods:topic>
        <mods:topic>Portuguese influences</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>  
    <mods:subject authority="lcsh">
        <mods:topic>Indian interpreters</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject authority="lcsh">
        <mods:topic>Translating and interpreting</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject authority="lcsh">
        <mods:topic>Jews</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject authority="local">
        <mods:topic>Lingoas</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    <mods:subject authority="local">
        <mods:topic>Jurubaças</mods:topic>
    </mods:subject>
    
    <mods:relatedItem type="host">
        <mods:titleInfo lang="eng">
            <mods:title>e-Journal of Portuguese History</mods:title>
            <mods:partNumber>vol. 1, no. 2</mods:partNumber>
        </mods:titleInfo>
    </mods:relatedItem>
    
<mods:identifier xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" type="doi">10.26300/92z0-y559</mods:identifier></mods:mods>