BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY INDIANS AND THE BEAR FEBRUARY 1956 A LOVELY THING happened to us the night Robert Frost read his poetry at Brown recently, although it looked as though we were in for a disappointing evening. Our 11 -year-old daughter had been assigned the project of making a five- minute talk on Frost at Lincoln School, and, when his reading was announced, it was obvious we would have to be there. Although we went early, every seat in the Alumnae Hall auditorium had been taken for more than an hour beforehand. (Many students took sandwich suppers with them to be sure of getting places.) We managed to find seats in the Crystal Room, and the personality of the poet came over the loud-speaker without sac- rifice of anything but the visual. He read poems they'd considered in school and others we had with us. Still, it wasn't like seeing Mr. Frost. Thinking to catch a glimpse as he left the hall, we found him backstage talking to students for another 20 minutes. That helped ease the earlier disappointment, for Mr. Frost was in fine form still. We left for home knowing we'd had a good evening. Then, outside we encountered Mr. Frost again. We were stepping back to let him turn down Meeting St. when the poet caught sight of Connie. He said to Professor Anderson, who was accompany- ing him, "Excuse me — here's a little girl who'd like to shake hands with me." He crossed the sidewalk and greeted her, in complete modesty but with full under- standing that he was making the moment memorable for an admirer. > HIS FRIENDSHIP with Prof. Bcu Clough is one reason for a special interest in Jo- siah Carberry enjoyed in the family of John Gould of Lisbon, Me. It also ex- plains what happened when Ben McKen- dall of the Brown Admission Office was speaking before some students in the high school there. When the time for questions arrived, Gould's son stood up and asked, "How is Professor Carberry these days?" McKendall, though startled, had pres- ence of mind enough to reply: "He's just fine, and he particularly asked to be re- membered to you." > STAN WARD, basketball coach, was not very optimistic when his one fairly tall player came down sick just before the trip that included games with Princeton and Penn. "I'll tell you how I feel about those two games," he said. "If we win both of them, then I should be investigated." > HAVING RECEIVED a bill for some pic- tures from the Brown Photo Lab, Allen Williams, the Executive Director of the University Fund, was moved to make reply recently to George Henderson, boss of the Lab: "Dear George," he wrote. "Did you know you are probably the highest paid specialist on College Hill? Attached is your requisition for services in connection with seven photos, part of the total cost being 'Ten dollars for time.' As I figure it, the average exposure was probably l/50th of a second. On this basis, you are receiv- ing payment at the rate of $71.50 per sec- ond, or $4,290 per minute, or $257,400 per hour. Even the Aga Khan isn't doing that well. How about upping your con- tribution to the Fimd?" > THE ALCALDE Editor overheard this at the University of Texas: "Every time I go to class," a student said, "the prof assigns a new book. I've got to quit going to class — I'm running out of money." > ONE OF THE FEATURES of a recent issue of Bnmonia was Richard Chorley's sup- plement to Stephen Potter's "Lifeman- ship," entitled "Examenship," or the art of taking exams. Maurice Dolhier com- mented on the Providence Sunday Journal book page: "Its potential student value is so excessive that 1 wonder there hasn't been a magazine-burning by the Faculty." Chorley had given some devilish tips for success at midyears but warned; "Bodily assault should be used as a ploy only as a last resort and then only on unusually emaciated Professors, e.g.. Philosophers, Geologists, etc." > PRESIDENT KEENEY told the Undergrad- uates in Chapel one day about the plans for the new quadrangle and urged them to look at the model of it then on view in Faunce House. This sort of study raises some useful questions, but not all can be answered. One such question, he said, was: Of the little people shown near the quad- rangle, why are so many girls? And why are some of them running? > MEMBERS of the American Alumni Council and the American College Public Relations Association, meeting in Worces- ter in January, take their college presi- dents rather more casually than some au- diences. But President Keeney made a great hit with them as the principal speaker of the conference. Nothing he said, how- ever, went over better than his first remark after our rather comprehensive introduc- tion: "He doesn't leave a fellow much time, does he?" buster BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY FEBRUARY 1956 Vol. LVI No. 5 Board of Editors Chairman C. Arthur Braitsch '23 V ice-Chairman George W. Potter, '21 George R. Ashbey '21 Garrett D. Byrnes '26 Warren L. Carleen '48 Carleton Goff '24 Robert H. Goff '24 Prof. L J. Kapstein '26 Managing-Editor Chesley Worthington '23 Assistant Editor John F. Barry. Jr., "50 In This Issue: The Haflfenreffer Gift Talk of Town and Gown Advisory Council Plans "Ortega Was My Teacher" A Quadrangle Quizzing The Brown Clubs Report The Winter Scoreboard Brunonians Far and Near Vital Statistics 3 8 13 14 17 20 21 24 33 THE COVER PHOTO: The magnificent gift of 470 acres of Mount Hope property, described on the facing page, includes the Haffenreffer Museum of the American Indian. The brown bear there happened to have been hand-carved in Switzerland, but its accidental symbolism is obviously pleasing to President Keeney. Published October, November, December, January, February, March, April, May, and July by Brown University, Providence 12, R. I. Admitted to the second class of mail matter under the Act of August 24, 1912, at the Providence Post Office. Additional entry at Brattleboro. Vt. Member, American Alumni Council. The Magazine is sent to all Brown alumni. A MAGNIFICENT GIFT: The Land of King Philip Momit Hope, with Its Museum of Indian Lore, Offers Brown a Unique Opportunity, Thanks to the Haffenreffer Family A350-ACRE PORTION of the historic Mount Hope estate in Bristol, R. I., has been given to Brown Uni- versity by Mrs. Rudolf F. Haffenreffer and her sons, Ru- dolf F. Haffenreffer, III, and Carl W. Haffenreffer. The land, once the home of King Philip, sachem of the Wampa- noags and scene of his death, includes about a mile of shore- line on the Eastern slope of Mount Hope Bay and contains 18 buildings, 12 sizeable. Among them is the Haffenreffer Museum of the American Indian, containing a collection of Indian relics which is the gift of the R. F. Haffenreffer Fam- ily Foundation. A subsequent gift in January added an adjacent 120 acres, with further frontage on Church Cove. It notably supple- ments the original gift, making 470 acres in all. Brown plans to use the Mount Hope property for educa- tion, recreation and other purposes. The Museum and its extensive Indian collection will be used as a center of re- search and teaching in anthropology. President Keeney also says that the site could be developed for summer confer- ences and training programs, and that some of the cottages may be used for summer residences. In a letter to the University Mrs. Haffenreffer said: "It is the desire of my sons and myself to give to Brown Uni- versity a substantial part of our Mount Hope property. It would give us a great deal of satisfaction to see Brown in possession of this beautiful property, and I know that our plans would have been viewed with pleasure and approval by my husband who loved the property and spent a great deal of time and thought in beautifying and preserving it." How Brown Will Benefit Praising the Haffenreffer family's generous support of ed- ucation. Dr. Keeney said: "The magnificent gift of land and buildings by the Haffenreffer family and the gift of the unique collection of American Indian objects by the Haffen- reffer Foundation are an unexpected and very welcome ac- quisition to Brown University's resources. The Museum will provide a sound basis for the development of research and teaching in anthropology. It is a superb collection of the Indian antiquities of New England and the East, and is very strong in other areas, especially the Southwest. "These gifts accomplish two things: first, they will per- petuate the memory and interests of Rudolf F. Haffenreffer, who built the Museum and founded the estate; and second, they provide a notable example of private support of an edu- THE HAFFENREFFER MUSEUM of the American Indian embraces the largest private collection of Indian relics. While most items are of Indian origin, some, like the statue above, are others' interpretation of the red man. Mr. HaflfenrefFer v^as also an avid collector of the cigar-store Indian. ■ '**/ lifijtti-- AERIAL VIEW of the Mount Hope property, a 470-acre portion of which has been given to Brown. The town of Bristol is in the background. The Haffenreffer Museum of the American Indian is in the lower right fore- ground. Mount hlope Bridge would be at left. cational institution. From such institutions the community, the state, and the nation have drawn a procession of capable, educated, and sometimes remarkable men. These organiza- tions flourish and preserve an opportunity for independent thought and growth only because of the personal generosity of their friends. "The Haffenreffer Museum of the American Indian, which is part of the gift, is an educational asset of substan- tial value. Accumulated through the personal interest and unflagging energy of the late Mr. Haff'enreffer, it represents the largest private collection of Indian relics in private hands. With the help of experts, the University plans to study the Museum, strengthen other museums by assigning them unneeded duplicates, and in general render the present displays more available for public enjoyment and education. In this connection, the University hopes to make an appoint- ment in the field of American Anthropology in order that the Museum may become an integral part of its instructional program. Various University departments will benefit from the collection. "The site provides opportunities for developing summer conferences, training courses and general recreational ac- tivities. Some buildings may be utilized for summer resi- dences. "Mr. and Mrs. Rudolf Haffenreffer and their sons have built well and disposed wisely." Brown University has received previous gifts from the Haff'enreffer family through the R. F. Haffenreffer Family Foundation, a charitable trust founded in 1943. Graduate fellowships were established by the foundation in 1944. These were for the support of advanced study and research in the field of internal medicine and were administered in conjunction with the R. I. Hospital. In recent years funds have been provided for a "corporation scholarship" which pays the full tuition and the University's overhead for an undergraduate. The acreage in the gift to Brown includes one of seven sites in Rhode Island selected for Nike guided-missile instal- lations. The 18 buildings with the exception of the Museum, are principally summer cottages, farmhouses and barns. The Museum, one of the most complete private collec- tions of Indian relics in existence, was established by the late Mr. Haffenreffer. He became interested in collecting Indian relics upon discovery of arrowheads and other In- dian traces on Mount Hope shortly after he purchased the estate in 1917. This developing interest led him to collect Indian ware from South and Central America as well as from the North American continent. Housed in the spacious one-story Museum overlooking Mount Hope Bay are Indian weapons, thousands of arrow- heads, farming and cooking tools, ceremonial headdresses; examples of Indian metal jewelry, basketry, bead and leather work, rugs, pottery, clothing; Indian statues, a dug- out, and Indian burial discoveries from the vicinity of Bris- tol. Particular attention has been paid to the remains of the tribes in what is now the New England area. BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY Mount Hope was thought by early historians to have been visited by the Norsemen, but this fact has never been sub- stantiated. However, the Mount Hope exploits of King Philip, younger son of Massasoit, king of the Wampanoags, give the area associations with some of the most colorful phases of Rhode Island colonial history. King Philip, whose original name was Metacomet. was chieftain of the Wampanoag lands extending from Narra- gansett Bay eastward to Plymouth and including much of present day southern Rhode Island and Massachusetts. He became chief when his older brother Alexander (Wamsutta) was killed while captive of the settlers at Plymouth. King Philips War. provoked by encroachments on Wampanoag land by early settlers, broke out in 1675. After his warriors were defeated in the Great Swamp Fight in South Kings- town, King Philip returned to his home at Mount Hope, was ambushed there, and killed by a party of Colonists led by Capt. Benjamin Church. The site of Philip's death is on the property being transferred to Brown. Elsewhere in this issue there appears an article on Mount Hope and King Philip by John W. Haley "19. whose radio addresses as "The Rhode Island Historian" were popular over many years. He is a business associate of the Messrs. Haflfenrefler as a Director of the Narragansett Brewing Company, of which he is Advertising Manager and Direc- tor of Public Relations. King Philip of Mount Hope A CEREMONIAL HEADDRESS worn by Indians of the Western plains is indicated by Carl W. Haffenreffer in his father's Museum. By JOHN W. HALEY '19 RHODE ISLAND is rich in names of places and expres- sions derived and modified from Indian origins. Yaw- goog, Woonsocket, Pawtucket, Narragansett, Quequa- tucket, Apponaug, Natic, Shannock, Weybosset and Woonasquatucket are some of the common and familiar place names which have changed but little, or not at all, from the original forms interpreted and written down by the white man. Besides, there are many sites in Rhode Island that owe the origin of their names to incidents of more or less importance in local Indian history and legend: for ex- ample. Carbuncle Pond, Nine Men's Misery, Coronation Rock, Church Cove, Drum Rock Hill, Indian Run and Queen River. But, except for the names of certain tribes and a few im- portant chieftains, the term most closely associated with Indian history in Southern New England is Mount Hope. This is the name given to the hill and surrounding lands lo- cated a short distance east of the business center of Bristol, R. I., on the west shores of the bay that bears the same name. How Did It Get the Name? More than one theory exists concerning the origin of Mount Hope, the name given to the place originally re- ferred to by the Indians as Pokanoket. For a great many years it was generally believed (and certain historians put it down as fact) that Lief Ericson and a band of Viking ad- venturers sailed into Mount Hope Bay in the year 1001 and camped somewhere on its shores. It was also believed that these visitors gave the high point of land overlooking the broad expanse of water a Norse name, which the Indians adopted and later passed on to the white man. But abso- lutely no evidence has been discovered yet that would lead anyone to believe that Vikings ever ventured down the At- lantic Coast as far as Rhode Island. It is reasonable to con- clude that the name, or any part thereof, was definitely not borrowed from the Norse language. For want of more exact proof, it must be assumed that the Indians referred to the wooded hill with gently-sloping sides by a name that sounded, when spoken, something like that which the white man finally wrote down as Mount Hope. In the same way that he interpreted a common na- tive utterance to be Poppasquash, an early name given to the neck of land across the harbor from Bristol. Variously spelled in the early days as Montaup, Mont-haup, Mountup, etc.. Mount Hope may have been a corruption or simplifica- tion of the last two syllables of the Indian word Uppaquon- tup, meaning "the head." That particular descriptive term might have been applied to such a dominating land feature. Perhaps then, the natives replaced the ancient name of Pokanoket with something that apparently had the sound of a simple combination of two common English words. Or perhaps the white man, possibly Roger Williams, renamed the spot with its present designation. After all, he had named his settlement Providence; he called three Narra- gansett Bay islands: Prudence, Patience and Hope. Whatever the origin of the name, the fact remains that Mount Hope was one of the very first names to be applied FEBRUARY 1956 A NEW PROGRAM in American Anthropology at Brown will hove its center in the Hoffenreffer Museum, left, near Bristol, R. to any place in North America by both Europeans and by the first white men who settled on these shores. Likewise, Mount Hope has always been and, doubtless, will remain forever a place of great historical significance, principally because of its intimate association with one of the leading figures in the first century of American history. At First They fVere Friends The first permanent relationship between the Indians of New England and the white strangers, who came to be known as Pilgrims, was on a basis of peace and friendliness. Massasoit, Indian ruler of the tribe of Wampanoags, per- sonally welcomed the ocean-weary, bewildered Englishmen on the shores of Cape Cod Bay. He enthusiastically partici- pated in the observance of the first American Thanksgiving. When the Pilgrims were hungry and cold, he helped them with generous gifts of corn and skins. For more than forty years, Massasoit remained a staunch friend of the May- flower's passengers, of their children, and of all others who settled upon the lands of his ancestors. And, it should be forever remembered that, when Roger Williams was forced to flee from his Salem home into the frozen wilderness, the suffering exile found shelter, food, and hospitality in the wigwam of Massasoit. At the time, the latter was making his headquarters at Sowams (Warren) or at Pokanoket (Mount Hope). In 1639, three years after the founding of Providence, Massasoit brought to Plymouth his eldest son, Mooanam, otherwise called Wamsutta. He solemnly renewed his pledge of peace and amity with the Colonists. This stalwart native prince and his younger brother, Metacomet, thereafter grew to manhood in an era of peace while the whites continued to force the red men farther and farther back into their hunting grounds. The Last of Alexander Both Wamsutta and Metacomet shared their father's trust in the white strangers, even though certain treaties and compacts were not always observed to the letter by the Colonists. Upon the death of Massasoit, in 1661 or there- abouts, his sons continued to profess good will toward the English. Wamsutta, the successor to the position of Sachem, presented himself before the Plymouth authorities, and by his own request received the name of Alexander. His younger brother did likewise and was named Philip, both assumed names being those of Macedonian kings and con- querors. The domain of the Wampanoags extended from Narra- gansett Bay eastward to Plymouth and included much of present southern Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Shortly after he assumed control over the tribe, Alexander was sus- pected of engaging with the Narragansetts in a plot to unite the scattered, disorganized Indian tribes in New England. Innocent of the charge, or not, the youthful Sachem was taken by surprise and forcibly carried to Plymouth. There he was compelled to undergo severe questioning and other indignities which, according to the records, threw him into a fever, although some historians are con- vinced that the English deliberately poisoned the suspected chieftain. Whatever may have been the cause, Alexander died in the custody of his questioners. This tragedy proved to be a turning point in destiny that led directly to untold death and destruction. The younger Philip then became Sachem. Upon the oc- casion of assuming the high office of ruler, there was a great gathering of chieftains and warriors featured by an extended feast of rejoicing at Philip's home and tribal headquarters, Mount Hope. King Philip began his reign by renewing the treaty with the English made by his father and ratified by his brother. Then, for nearly a decade this proud, ambitious chieftain, angered at the circumstances of Alexander's death, resent- fully watched the rapid spread of the whites, and observed their infidelity. At last, he complained to the English of tres- passes upon the planting lands of his people. Although the matter was settled for the time being, there was only one course left open for one who was unwilling that his country be completely taken over by those whom he was justified in regarding as usurpers: that course was armed resistance. Tlie War tVas Inevitable Secretly his emissaries journeyed here and there, rousing a widely scattered people to the point of engaging in war- fare. King Philip proved to be qualified for the undertaking. Gaining the alliance of the Narragansetts, he quickly ex- tended his league of rebellion far to the westward among the tribes near the Connecticut River and beyond. For much of the time, he remained at Mount Hope, making plans for actual battle, seeking advice from trusted friends, receiving and entertaining messengers from distant tribes. When un- attached warriors volunteered to fight in his cause, he fed and armed them. First blood was shed in the tragic conflict known as King Philip's War, on June 24, 1675, in the village of Swansea near Mount Hope. Several men were killed by the Indians, and the dwellings in the village were destroyed. Aroused, BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY all New England quickly sought to provide protection against further attacks. A party of foot-soldiers and horsemen started in the di- rection of Mount Hope expecting to find Philip, but the commander-in-chief had abandoned his camp. While the English lost valuable time making plans to build a fort on Mount Hope, the Indians spread death and destruction in all directions. Throughout the entire summer every white person in New England was in constant danger of sudden death. The Great Sivainj) Fight Guerilla warfare prevailed most of the time, with the In- dians firing upon the whites from the cover of underbrush. Often the natives would descend upon a small village or plantation, kill the inhabitants, young and old, plunder the dwellings, and leave everything in ashes. Mendon was de- stroyed in July; Brookfield was viciously attacked the fol- lowing month. On September first, Hadley and Deerfield were assaulted, and shortly after, ten men lost their lives in Northfield. The last big raid, upon Hatfield, occurred in October. Then, with the approach of winter, most of the warriors went into hiding with their families on an island in the depths of the Great Swamp in South Kingstown. On Dec. 19, 1675, there occurred one of the bloodiest and most brutal massacres recorded in the history of mankind. Practically all of the occupants of this frozen swamp hide- away were killed by an enraged and well-organized force of white men, practically annihilating the red race in these KING PHILIP as an early 19th Century artist con- ceived of him. parts and assuring the newcomers of unchallenged domi- nation. Philip had taken no part in the Great Swamp Fight. How- ever, several months later, Capt. Benjamin Church, out- standing military leader among the English forces learned that Philip had returned to his favorite haunts after months of suffering as a fugitive in the wilderness. Church hurried to Mount Hope with a band of white soldiers and Indian renegades and lost no time in cornering the chieftain at the foot of the summit on the west. As the weary, hungry, dis- INDIAN DUGOUT, found near Maine's Penobscot Boy, is examined by Rudolph F. HafFenreffer, III, left, and President Keeney. Behind them is a panel of colorful Indian woven rugs, included in the gift. illusioned leader knelt to slake his thirst at a bubbling spring, a shot rang out. Philip, son of Massasoit, fell dead. One of his own people had fired the bullet that closed the career of a true patriot. A short distance from the road that skirts the base of Mount Hope on the westerly side is an inscribed granite stone that marks the spot where King Philip was ambushed and slain. Near the marker still flows King Philip's Spring, sometimes called Cold Spring, with whose cooling waters the hunted and exhausted Wampanoag sachem was about to refresh himself when he met his sudden death. (This me- morial, erected by the Rhode Island Historical Society, is in the area given by the HafTenreft'ers to Brown University.) Other Landmarks at Mount Hope Thousands of visitors to historic Mount Hope, including famous people from many lands, have seated themselves in the elevated rock formation believed to have been used by King Philip as a chair of state when his warriors were gathered about him. This throne-like granite seat, or chair, is to be found directly to the north and at the base of the summit, facing east across Mount Hope Bay. This is in the area retained by the Haffenreflter family. So, too, is the Governor Bradford House, a Georgian Colonial homestead on Mount Hope Farms, near Metacom Ave. It was the residence of R. F. Haffenreffer, who was from 1917 until his death proprietor of the lands embracing historic Mount Hope. In 1783 William Bradford bought the Mount Hope Farm, a tract of land which had been the property of Isaac Royall, a Loyalist and member of the King's Provin- cial Council, who fled from the Colony at the outbreak of the Revolution. FEBRUARY 1956 LET'S TALK OF TOWN AND GOWN An Unusual Relationship Has Brought Both Mutual Benefit By GEORGE W. POTTER 8 TOWN AND GOWN" can be interpreted in two ways: One is in terms of antagonism, as in the days now passed. Then the town boys felt that a great victory had been scored after they had administered a lacing to the sissies on the Hill. (The truth is that, more likely, the sissies on the Hill, keyed to physical well being by the scrimmage of the football field or the exercises of the gym- nasium, generally walloped the town boys, much to the surprise of the latter, or both.) But that belongs to a more primitive era. Town and Gown today has taken on a meaning of collaboration, of mutual and joint efforts for the welfare of the whole com- munity, with this understood distinction: The community looks to the University and is ready to grant it leadership. Providence has a flavor that would be distinctive without Brown. Any town which can point to its past and say, "This was Roger Williams' town," is not mean in any man's reck- oning. Its refuge for the dispossessed and disinherited of the Colonies is a source of pride to us all. It was in a very great measure shaped by the Quaker population; and I have noticed in reading history that any community which has been blessed with a Quaker background has a character which sets it off from other communities. The Quakers were good people for any community to have. The Colonial history of Providence is as unusual as it is picturesque. It was not just spite that caused our mean neighbors to call this State "Rogues' Island." It speaks in eloquent language of our eye for the main chance, too, when we pressed upon the English Admiralty the desira- bility of having a customs officer in the Colonial port. It was not, mind you, because we wanted to keep honest under the eye of the British official but because we had the hope of turning his eye in the other direction when there was a bit of skulduggery to be done. Our Revolutionary history was distinguished, and we were so contrary, so independent and not wanting to be beholden to any man, that for several months the admin- istration of Mr. Washington treated us like a foreign country. John Howland recalled that there were customs officers of the new government at the Pawtucket bridge to collect duties on certain products to and from the State. We have had a flavorsome history, and communities do retain certain traditional characteristics. Still, the association of Brown with Providence has made, as the cigarette advertisements say, a whale of a difference. How pleasant, for instance, it is to walk or saunter through BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY the Brown Campus in any season of the year (Spring is my favorite) and catch a spirit which no other part of the city has and which gives a grandeur to the community. What a joy it is to walk at night through the new Quad- rangle, as I frequently do, when the lights give a soft and lovely character to the buildings and the green. Then one gets the full import of what Providence would be like without this precious world of Brown set down in its midst like a jewel. A City Proud of Brown Don't underrate the pride that Providence (the non- Brown community) has in it! When a native or a resident of Providence has a visitor from out of town and wants to impress upon him the distinction of the community. Brown is a "must" on the itinerary. I assure you that the visitor is invariably impressed: his opinion of Providence shoots higher and higher. I recall an experience of my own in this respect: A young man, an Assistant Professor in a midwest college, came to Providence in connection with a newspaper project in which I was interested. Mr. Brown, the editor of the paper, and I showed him through Brown: he knew of the College and held it in regard, but he frankly admitted to us that he had not expected to come upon such a distin- guished and attractive university. You might say that he was just passing kind remarks to two people who were being kind to him: and you would be one hundred per cent mis- taken. Several weeks later, when I met Professor Hedges of the History Department, he told me that this young Mid- western instructor had applied for a job on the Faculty of Brown. I do not need labor that recommendation further. As a newspaperman on the Providence Journal. I am probably more familiar with this home-town sentiment than you are. I want you to know that it runs deep. The Journal, because it tries to live up to its ideal of an independent newspaper, is not always popular with all segments of public opinion. Indeed, hardly a day goes by that the Journal is not in the doghouse for some story or editorial expression. Yet the same people who will write in angry letters or mutter against the Journal among their friends will explain to out-of-town visiting relatives or friends that the Journal is a high type of newspaper, one of the best in the country, with a pride that reflects glory upon them- selves. And when these people are away from Providence and boasting of the virtues of their home community, in- variably they will cite the Journal as one of the reasons for home pride. Because Brown is not so controversial an institution, this facet of human nature is not so obviously revealed. But the fact that it is in Providence — and the further fact that it is one of the oldest of higher institutions of learning — is a plume that the people of Providence wear high and are proud of displaying. The Town's First Citizen One of the tremendous values of Brown to the commu- nity is the distinction that comes from the University presi- dency. By virtue of his office, the President of Brown is a nationally recognized figure, as are the Presidents of all major colleges. Because the University simply cannot af- ford to — and would not — select any but a man of out- standing qualities, the presence of the President in Provi- dence is both a tangible and intangible asset to the community. When the President of Brown speaks, the community listens and gives heed. It recognizes in him an intellectual and a moral leadership of transcendent importance. It knows, in a pragmatic way, that the President of Brown G. W. POTTER '21: The author of the ar- ticle on 'Town and Gown" holds a Pulit- zer award as on edi- torial writer with the Providence Journal, Once a member of the Brown Faculty, he has received honorary de- grees and sits on our Board of Editors as Vice-Chairman. looks constantly and always to the best interests of the community. The value of the President of Brown as a first citizen of the community is one that has been won by the individuals who have held the chair. It would take a volume to trace historically the relation- ship — and good works — of the presidency and the com- munity. But Mr. Wriston is a host in himself as an example par excellence of the place the President holds in Provi- dence, and of the obigation of the President to the com- munity. Unless my judgment is terribly inaccurate, I esti- mate that one of the strong characteristics of Mr. Wriston is his hatred of waste, in people as well as in materials. He is too intelligent a man to have missed the opportunity of ty- ing in the great resources of Brown with Providence for mutual advantage. It is very significant, it seems to me, that Mr. Wriston's valedictory to Brown University was in the form of a Civic Convocation (note carefully the word civic) to do honors to political, religious, and business leaders. It was the expression of an idea very close to his heart — the interrelationship of Town and Gown. It was a dramatic way to say that such was the way his dreams lay. It was highly appreciated. An Example of Leadership I do not need to dwell overlong, item by item, on the re- sponsible role of citizen Mr. Wriston assumed in Provi- dence. During a critical year he was the president of the United War Fund Drive; and his advice has been sought and given wisely in the trials and the tribulations that uni- fied charitable endeavors always face. From his vast ex- perience as an administrator he has spoken wisely. The whole story is yet to be told, but Mr. Wriston's as- sociation with the rehabilitation of the University of Rhode Island and the Rhode Island College of Education was, in my opinion, a job of major proportions. His energy and his knowledge — and his devotion to education — was the origin of the train of events that have lifted both State educa- tional institutions from the doldrums. More than any man, he was the one who divorced these State colleges from the grasping hand of politics: the administration he recom- mended had a sharp eye to that end. And when it seemed that the General Assembly was sticking its nose into the affairs of the University of Rhode Island by trying to seize financial control, the voice of Mr. Wriston spoke out and was heard: it would be a "disaster" he declared. The move was thwarted. FEBRUARY 1956 HIGH ON THE HILL, the University has been a part of Providence and shared its life since 1771. There was a time when the Republican politicians came bearing to Mr. Wriston the highest political gift in their possession — nomination for U.S. Senate. He had only to nod his head. Whatever his heart might have told him on that occasion, his head said no: it was a pragmatic decision having to do with his usefulness as a private citizen, I be- lieve, and it showed shrewd judgment. The Senate could use such a mind and intelligence that Mr. Wriston has, but as a private citizen he is more valuable. But, I think, it is in the imponderables that his worth has been at its best. I mean in the shaping of the subtle and evasive forces which make up public opinion. I defy any- body to go over Mr. Wriston's speeches or comments and find an unintelligent statement: the way in which he always drove home fundamental truths in a shifting and confused time has been a source of strength to the community. As an editorial writer, I can attest to the great truth of that statement. Our Relations with the Press I feel sure that the Providence Journal would not be the paper it is today if it were not infused with the influence of Brown. The number of Brown men who have edited it and worked upon it is, in great measure, the story of the Journal. The vitalizing spirit of the Journal in an earlier day was Henry Bowen Anthony, of Brown, and, when he went to the U.S. Senate, James Burrill Angell edited it. Brown Professors are its constant contributors — their articles alone would make a volume. When we need expert knowledge on a story, there is a Professor at Brown to help us. Each morning in the Journal we have an editorial conference to discuss policy. It is our practice to invite in men well informed in their field to help us. Some distin- guished leader or scholar is always coming to Brown for a lecture; invariably he is a guest of the conference. Indi- vidual Professors, acquainted with their fields, come to us upon invitation when we have a technical problem to meet or need specialized advice. Mr. Wriston himself was a fre- quent guest, and he seemed to enjoy the give-and-take as much as we profited from it. The Sunday literary page of the Journal is enriched by the reviews of Faculty members and that department of ease and rest — the retired Professors. Members of the Faculty serve as music critics. They write features and are the subjects of interviews. They write special articles, one of which was among the finest I ever read: Bruce Bigelow's tender and characteristic "Love Letter to Middletown," in the Rhode Islander. Bruce Bigelow was the liaison official par excellence be- tween the community and the College. Non-Brown people would approach Bruce where they would hesitate with other officers, and Bruce was welcomed in every downtown oflBce, from the Governor's to the hole-in-the-wall that vended newspapers. If I were a novelist and I wanted a perfect background to set the varied life of the community of Providence, I would find it in the memorial services to Bruce. It was the most representative gathering I have ever seen in Providence, a cross-section of the community that no other personality, I believe, could have gathered together in his name. But again the value of the University to the newspaper is an imponderable, a pervasive influence. We are extremely conscious that we have a University audience as well as the average man on the street who pays five cents for the paper. We are conscious that we cannot make the judicious grieve for the sake of splitting the ears of the groundlings. In this respect, the University is like a supreme court sitting upon our day-by-day endeavors. It perforce makes us have a higher standard and that is good because I believe that a newspaper which holds itself to be responsible has an obli- gation not to descend to the norms of the average but consciously to try to lift standards. In this the help that Brown affords is powerful. The Case of the Hospital Let us examine some very practical relationships of the University to the community and of the community to the University. I have selected as a good example the Rhode Island Hospital: surely that touches the community in a 10 BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY universal interest — health. Brown and the Rhode Island Hospital have the closest contact possible. Again, I must relate the word "difference" to Brown University's place in the community. The Rhode Island Hospital would be a first-rate institu- tion if Brown were not in its midst: the devoted men who have given of their money and their time to try to make it an exemplary hospital would see to that under other circumstances. But as Dr. Henry McCusker, who has as a special charge the training facilities of the hospital, has told me: Brown University makes the Rhode Island Hospital even a better hospital. By the same token, the hospital af- fords invaluable assistance to Brown, particularly to stu- dents preparing for a career in medicine or surgery. It is an inspiring instance of how the co-operation of good will and intelligence can be turned not alone to the profit of the two institutions in partnership but to the cause of humanity. Each year the Rhode Island Hospital gives a dinner to pre-medical Freshmen students. Its purpose is splendid. It is to acquaint the Freshmen with the staff and with the Hospital itself, to break the ice for the timid and the un- certain, and to encourage them to come to the hospital whenever they please for the practical aspects of their pre-med studies. These students are given tickets which open doors for them to operating rooms, to laboratories, to the facilities of the Hospital in general. Even while they are feeling their way to knowledge through the study of books, they are already familiarizing themselves with the routine, the techniques, and the general feel of a large hospital. One supplements the other. Opportunities of the Future There is the closest relationship between the Institute of Pathology and the Biology Department of Brown, where research and the practical and immediate problem walk hand in hand. At times, when there are exchanges of arti- cles, it might be thought that they are one. But even greater usefulness lies ahead. In due time the new George Cancer Hospital will be completed as a part of the new Rhode Island Hospital which is rising physically from its honored past. Already, I understand. Brown and the Hospital are being tied together on the research level in that most im- portant field of medical exploration. What a blessing it would be for the world and a glory beyond any that we have ever known, if, as a result of this co-operation, the way to the conquest of cancer is shown! We all have the right to dream. At Pembroke, girls can take courses leading to the nurs- ing profession through the happy alliance of Brown and the Rhode Island Hospital; and I know from experience — from having my finger pierced for a blood test and a cardio- gram — that some of the best Hospital technicians are graduates of Pembroke. The community is fortunate in another respect. Students from out-of-town who take their pre-med studies at Brown and work in the Rhode Island return to the Hospital for their internship and frequently settle in Providence for their private practice. The community has been benefited by this fact over the years. The authorities at Rhode Island Hospital are as appreci- ative of the relationship as are the authorities at Brown; everything is done to strengthen it — and with a full and good heart. This splendid association is further enforced by the fact that many of the Trustees of Brown are also the Trustees of the Hospital. Had I time I could pursue with adequate documentation the linking in, through trustee- ships, of Brown with vital elements of the community's life — in as many directions as human endeavor. Let us now turn to another field — that of culture, with particular reference to music. Brown's relationship is here positive, its influence on the community increasing each year. The visits of the Boston Symphony and the Commu- nity concert series each year are, of course, the highspots in the program of the community's musical life. Not only do they bring good music, but their value is in stimulating interest in good music. But the direct impression of Brown's influence is that it makes possible participation in music by talented lovers in the community. Next, it covers other aspects of music other than the orchestral and the perform- ances of the concert series; next, it keeps alive a continuing interest among a larger audience of music. Brown leader- ship is here quite pronounced. To be specific: The R. I. Philharmonic Orchestra, of which we grow increasingly proud, had its origin in the Music Department of Brown, in a teacher who had both the vision and the vigor to start from scratch and build up a local orchestra that is a credit to the community. It affords an opening for youngsters with musical ambitions and fills a much-needed place in the cultural life of the city and state. In addition, there is the Brown Orchestra, which supple- ments the R. I. Philharmonic. The enthusiastic reception it has received in the community is its best recommendation. THE CAMPUS is a community of its own, but the City is not for removed. The awareness is mutual, like the benefits. FEBRUARY 1956 11 There is the Brown-Pembroke Chorus, which is ever a de- light. There are the Chapel Choirs. There is the University Quartet, filling a vacuum in the community in that branch of music. Recently the Brown Music Department took over the sponsorship of the series of chamber music concerts in the School of Design auditorium. At its recent concert over 900 people almost filled the auditorium, and youngsters as well as adults in the community were attracted to it by the low admission fee. There are the Lownes memorial organ recitals in Sayles, open to the general public. Recently Brown was the host to a convention of organists. On Good Friday there is the special festival, and those who heard it will long remember the performance of Haydn's "Seven Last Words of Christ." The strengthened and vigorous Music Department at Brown makes music courses attractive to undergraduates, but it does not stop there: its influence pervades the com- munity. It encourages composition, and its doors are al- ways open to people of talent in the community who are not members of the Brown body. There are the Extensive Ex- tension courses in music. I am giving you a brief and rapid run-down of these affairs, but even so, the number of items adds up to an imposing record. Brown's Aid in Local Education I have reserved for the last the relationship of Town and Gown that, in my opinion, is Brown's and Pembroke's most enduring and most valuable contribution to Providence and the State. I mean the field of education. Let me state my own personal opinion, which is this: The older I get the deeper I am convinced that the United States stands or falls to the degree that education succeeds or fails. Education is the root of the matter. Things start from it, and things re- turn to it. Education is the crowning achievement of our experiment in democratic rule. I do not mean training; I mean education, which in my book means the development of standards, individual and civic, and the capacity to dis- engage and value excellence, to be so perceptive as to know almost instinctively the road to the truth and to have the same repulsion to false values as to mean things. Here again the interrelationship of Providence schools and Brown is close and deep. Here again the Brown "dif- ference" gives the Providence system a great advantage. Let me review hastily some of the important items of that relationship. For years Brown graduate students in educa- tion practice teaching in the Providence schools. Now a new program is being worked out between Pembroke and the local schools whereby courses in training for elementary education, which is a weak point in the school system, are given and the schools afford practice work for undergradu- ates at Pembroke in elementary education. President Keeney, I understand, is taking a particular interest in training undergraduates for secondary school work, again in cooperation with the local schools. Students in high schools who do well in the special courses worked out with the Brown Faculty are given advanced standing when they come to Brown. Teachers in the Providence schools are urged to take advantage of the Extension Division and of the Graduate School for advanced work. It is a fact that there is hardly an administrator in Providence schools who has not received his Bachelor's or advanced degree from Brown. In connection with the R. I. State Department of Educa- tion and Brown, there is a workshop at Brown in educa- tional administration and finance. The State and Brown work together in the tcacher-in-training extension lectures, designed to broaden the horizons of teachers. The State also appropriates $4000 a year for state scholarships for teachers in service, using postgraduate courses at Brown in the prin- ciples and practices of education. A large number of gradu- ates of local high schools come to Brown, and many a local boy would have been denied a college education were it not for the fact that he could accommodate his economic status to the local institution. And the Providence high school students do unusually well at Brown, maintaining an average generally above the undergraduate average and carrying off their fair share of honors. Another fact: Brown tries to keep its eye on the welfare of the Providence schools. For example, when the bill for State aid to teachers was going through the process of hearings at the State House, Mr. Wriston appeared and spoke vigorously in its favor. I have not the time here to list the Presidents and the members of the Faculty who have served on the local school committees. The work of Pro- fessor Bosland of the Economics Department in the War- wick school system, as Chairman of the Board, was out- standing, while Professors Bliss in Cranston and Blistein in Pawtucket are two others who come to mind, an Engineer and an English Professor. I have frequently been told by Dr. Hanley, superintend- ent of schools in Providence, that the schools would not be the same without Brown. The Division of Extension I should like to conclude by singling out a department that means more to the people of Providence than is gen- erally understood or appreciated — the Division of Univer- sity Extension. (I gave a course there for more than a dec- ade.) It is quite moving to see the people who come, people who from circumstances have been denied a formal edu- cation and are seriously trying to redress the balance. You should see in their faces the hunger to know. You should watch what a serious business education is to a man or woman who, working in the day, gives up free hours at night to attend extension courses. Then you see what a high calling education is and what a responsibility rests on an educator to help satisfy that longing in people to know and to understand. Among the men and women who took my course, I some- times found an understandable inhibition that I tried to overcome. I preach against it every time the occasion arises. I refer to the restraint that many people have — the self-consciousness, maybe — in connection with Brown. (I mean among people who have not had formal training.) They too often feel that Brown is a world apart from their own world and that they have no right to intrude into it. When they step on the Campus, they feel that they are strangers in a land that is not theirs. This, of course, is non- sense; the inhibition is in their own minds and not in the circumstances of the University. There is not a man or a woman worth his or her salt on the Faculty who would not receive with the warmest greeting any person who had a serious interest in bettering himself through the medium of education. I wish I knew some way to overcome this in- hibition. I am glad that I prepared this study. In collecting my thoughts and hunting up material and in setting down the recollections on paper, I discovered that the concentrated work sharpened my own pride in Brown and Pembroke. What we all take for granted, when gathered together like this, proves to be a very imposing story; and I have far from told the whole story. Brown is as pervasive in this community as the air: it gives it character, color, beauty and ideals. It is older than the City of Providence, older than the State of Rhode Island. Yet it remains as young and as fresh as each morning's dawn — and as precious to all of us who love it for its dear and enduring qualities. 12 BROWN ALUMNI MONTHLY THE ADVISORY COUNCIL BROWN MOURNS the January death of Dr. Henry P. Manning '83, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics who was for less than one month Brown's oldest living graduate. The photo was taken at the Alumni Dinner in 1949 when Toostmoster J. Harold Williams '18 made sure that, though deaf, Professor Manning understood our salute. THE REV. FRANK A. EVERETT '82 was Brown's senior alumnus at his death in December, He attended the 1954 Commencement with, left to right, the Rev. Edward Everett '14, Dr. Eugene Everett '94, and Dr. Paul Everett '09, two sons and a brother. Ready for Action THE ADVISORY COUNCIL meetings have always been for the working alumni — perhaps in contrast to Home- coming and Commencement. It is a business session, serious in main (although entertainment is not missing). It assem- bles those loyal leaders who represent the most active agen- cies in the alumni program and in University support through such organization. President Robert H. Goff '24 has issued the call for the 1956 session on Feb. 10 and 11. Again the Council will be joined by the Association of Class Secretaries; Trustees, Re- gional Chairmen, and Class Agents of the University Fund; and Chairmen of Alumni Admission Committees. The basic corps, of course, is made up of the Presidents of Brown Clubs from all over the country, with others most prominent in their work. "To Further the Interests . . ." Membership in the Advisory Council is specified in the By- Laws of the Associated Alumni as follows: the State Chair- men or their appointed substitutes; the President of each local Brown Club and of each affiliated organization, or their appointed substitutes, plus an additional delegate from each Club which has a membership of more than 50; officers of the Associated Alumni and its Directors; Alumni Trus- tees; and all Past Presidents of the Associated Alumni. In addition, other persons may be present, though without a vote, by invitation of the Council, Board of Directors, or Executive Committee of the Associated Alumni. Thus constituted, the Advisory Council fulfills its stipu- lated assignment to "further the interests of the University and the Alumni . . . consult with the officers of the Uni- versity and members of the Associated Alumni . . . gather such information, make such recommendations, and take such action as shall best serve to discharge its primary pur- pose." With closed sessions and off-the-record comment, the Council has unusual sources of information, great latitude in discussion, power, and influence. The business of the Council includes the nomination of candidates for Alumni Trustee, the Athletic Advisory Council, and certain offices in the Associated Alumni (including, this year, President- elect of the Associated Alumni). Because the program of the week end has come to hold such interest and importance, the custom since the War has been to augment the basic group by the invitation method legally sanctioned. However, three years ago it was felt that the Council had become too big for its business session, dis- turbing the regional balance, too. On the other hand, what University officers and others had to say was "too good not to have more of the representative alumni hear it." The plan for 1956 again will provide a means of gaining both benefits: the Council will be limited to its basic group for the business session, but auxiliary meetings will be held for the specialists — University Fund Workers, Class Secretaries and Reunion Chairmen, those interested in admissions, etc. All alumni back for the week end will be together for such inclusive events as a reception at the Keeneys, other entertainment, dinner at the Sharpe Refectory, visits to the classes, sports events, and the Saturday afternoon session which summa- rizes the individual group meetings and in general "talks Brown." A feature of the last session will be the report by President Keeney on "the State of the University." (Continued on page 35) FEBRUARY 1956 L