Brown Alumni Monthly April 1972 The SUIVIIVIER Of 72 Miss your college days? There are ways to go back again . . . One is to come to the Summer of '72, a program in Brown University's Continuing College. The Summer of '72 could be different from all the others. It could include the kind of intellectual experience you had as a student. During the Summer of '72 you have a chance to come to Brown, to return to the seminar rooms, the lecture halls, the art studios, and the rehearsal halls. ,WK- l^^^ ^S^IjMS^^^ -1 ?-(!v:> "i^P^ ->~ The Summer of '72 is a week-long program — from Sunday, June 25 through Friday, June 30. It will combine two academic courses especially designed for alumnae, alumni, parents of current undergraduates, their friends, and children 15 years of age and older with opportunities for recreation in the Rhode Island area, including a New England clambake and a trip to historic Newport. One course ("America '72: An Advanced Case of Cultural Shock!") will give you a chance to reflect, to question, and through lectures and discussions to come to a better understanding of Americans and our changing society. The other course ("Arts '72: The Creative Act") will give you a chance to express your artistic creative urges by squeezing clay, playing a clarinet, dabbing paint, creating a poem, getting up on a stage, or composing music on an electronic music synthesizer. The Summer of '72 costs $160 per person, $300 per couple, including tuition, housing, and meals. (For those who hve close to Brown and will stay at home the cost is $110 per person.) Registra- tions will be limited to facilitate discussions. For further information or to register, call (401 ) 863- 2453 or write Summer of '72, Box 1920, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912. Brown Brown Alumni Monthly April 1972, Vol. 72, No. 7 In this issue page 72 pnge IS 12 The Arnold Fellowships: 'Daring and Good-Natured' Imagine that someone gave you a gift of one year of your life free from any demands except those you put on yourself; the only stipulations are that you must have some idea of how you want to spend the time and you must spend it abroad. And there you have the plan for the Arnold Fellowships. 18 Phase I, Phase II What's Next? The Nixon economic program will be the subject of partisan debate from now until November. Brown economist George Boris has some views on the economy which "are as unpalata- ble to Democrats as they are to Republicans." 24 Ki-yi-yi 1912, ki-yi-yi 1912, ki-yi-yi 1912 That's the class yell for this year's 60th reunion class, a group of men which has set out to make a record-making gift to the University. Departments 2 Carrying the Mail 32 Sports 4 Under the Elms 36 The Classes 30 Brown Books 54 Alumni Trustee Nominations 56 On Stage The cover is designed by Don Pnulhus. For more cibont the economy, see page 18. page 24 Editor Robert M. Rhodes Associate Editors John F. Barry, Jr., '50 Ann Banks Assistant Editor Hazel M. Goff Design Consultant Don Paulhus Board of Editors Chairman Garrett D. Byrnes '26 Vice-chairman Victoria Santopietro Lederberg '59 Robert G. Berry '44 Elmer M. Blistein '42 Cornelia Dean '69 James E. DuBois '50 Gladys Chernack Kapstein '40 Joanna E. Rapf '63 Douglas R. Riggs '61 Helena Hogan Shea '30 © 1972 by Brown Alumni Monthly. Published October, November, December, January, February, March, April. May, and July by Brown University, Providence, R.I. Printed by Vermont Printing Company, Brattleboro, Vt. Editorial offices are in Nicholson House, 71 George St., Providence, R.I. 02906. Second class postage paid at Providence, R.I. and at addi- tional mailing offices. Member, American Alumni Council The Monthly is sent to all Brown alumni. Postmaster: Send Form 3579 to Box 1854, Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912 Carrying the mail Letters to the editor are welcome. They should be on subjects of interest to readers of this magazine with emphasis on an exchange of views and discussion of ideas. All points of view are welcome, but for reasons of space, variety, and timeliness, the staff may not publish all letters it receives and may use excerpts from others. The magazine will not print unsigned letters or ones that request that the author's name be withheld. As a protest . . . Sir: ^ou report (BAM, March) that Physics Professor PhiUip Bray "supports the concept of ROTC strongly" but says "I want the military presence denied at Brown now, as a protest." For my part, I support the concept of physics instruction strongly, but I want the physics department presence denied at Brown now, as a protest. JOHN F. HEINZ '46 Allentown, Pa. Brown needs ROTC and . . . Sir: The Navy needs ROTC officers from liberal institutions such as Brown, and Brown needs ROTC. Some may feel that allowing ROTC to remain on campus is a breach of University autonomy as ROTC courses are "prescribed and con- ducted" by a governmental agency. Upon closer scrutiny, one may find that this ap- prehension is largely, if not wholly, unjusti- fied. The Naval Science unit officers and department hold to the position that naval science courses be considered solely on the merits of each course as measured by Brown standards and determined by the faculty. Course quality and also officer-instruc- tor qualifications then are ultimately left to the discretion of the faculty — subject to review on an annual basis like other Uni- versity curriculum and personnel. Financial transactions between the government and Brown administration concerning ROTC scholarships have, in addition, never been an infringement upon or even a threat to Brown's autonomy as an academic institu- tion in the 30 years that it has been on campus. ROTC scholarships effectively increase University financial assistance revenues by providing tuition, books, and subsistence allowance to those aspiring acceptance who are academically qualified but financially needy. Institutions allowing ROTC on cam- pus may also find themselves more liable to other government-sponsored research grants and financial assistance. Alumni sentiment must also be re- spected. Many are world war veterans; oth- ers merely recognize the necessity of the existence of a national defense, and abol- ishing ROTC may have an unfavorable ef- fect on contributions from these individuals. Undeniably, fiscal matters must rank among those issues of primary importance for any university. Maintenance of ROTC and government scholarships to qualified stu- dents seems to me to be a step in the right direction towards maintaining financial in- tegrity. The liberal education and environment available at Brown fosters valuable assets of free thought and self-expression — quali- ties which may serve to prevent inflexibility and intolerance in the military services and keep them progressive institutions. Aboli- tion of ROTC here will do nothing more than change the source and not the number of newly-commissioned officers. Southern universities of traditionally conservative spirit actually wait in line to have ROTC instituted on their campuses. Florida State and Texas A & M are just two examples. Denying a potential student an ROTC scholarship is denying him (or her) an op- portunity to receive an education with vir- tually no financial strings attached but with a commitment to serve in the military upon graduation. As adverse as this com- mitment may sound to some, it must be a reality for those who have a very low draft number (and others for personal rea- sons). ROTC effectively guarantees an at- tempt at obtaining a baccalaureate degree without fear of interruption for military service. With college draft deferments no longer valid, those who face imminent induction may prefer ROTC. I believe they should have this opportunity at Brown if they so desire. The Navy needs intelligent, well- rounded officers to provide leadership and accept responsibility. This need has been strong in the past and is no less impera- tive today. Financial assistance needed by students to meet ever-rising tuition costs and other college expenses has at the same time increased while scholarship funds have decreased. From both sides then, ROTC has not outlived its purpose on the Brown cam- pus. ROTC is certainly not essential to the University; rather the University is most important to ROTC and consequently to the military and most of all to the public. Graduating midshipmen will take with them into the Navy a broad educational back- ground. They will understand and be able to judiciously use the authority and re- sponsibility relegated to them in perform- ing their duties. They will be prepared to recognize the dangers in prejudice in mili- tary autonomy and will question irrational or inhumane actions by the military. ROTC is by no means the impetus behind a mili- taristic ideal. It provides a unique oppor- tunity to experience simultaneously military and university life, two disparate societal structures, and infuse the ideas and values of one into the other. It is a safety check for preventing the military from drawing into itself and establishing a dangerously separate caste, isolated from liberal public ideas and opinions. Only a purely pacifist-idealist would believe that by doing away with our mili- tary would the tieed for defense spontane- ously disappear, for it certainly would not if history is any sort of a guide. Sixty-two percent of the students voting on campus were in favor of retaining ROTC on cam- pus in some form. The military will be with us for at least the foreseeable future. I think it is in the interest of all of us here to have Brown graduates influence the fu- ture. WAYNE DARNELL '72 Campus Brown generals in 2006 Sir: I should like to take issue with Professor Bray's stated desire to postpone the re-establishment of ROTC at Brown {BAM, March 1972). The source of my ob- jection lies in the long-term effect of Pro- fessor Bray's proposal. Whether there are Brown-educated ensigns and second-lieuten- ants in the armed services in 1976 is of lit- tle moment. What does matter is that there are Brown-educated admirals and generals on the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2006 . . . and the time to start to ensure that is now. GERALD L. PALMER, JR., '56 IVilton, Conn. A liberal's 'illiberalism' Sir: Professor Bray's argument that ROTC should be banned from the Brown campus as a protest against our country's involvement in Indochina is most intriguing. Aside from one more example of a liberal intellectual leaping to adopt a most illiberal scheme to promote a "liberal" cause, the logic employed by this eminent physicist deserves some comment. Were a University Forum convened to discuss the merits of nuclear warheads, I am sure that a substantial segment of the academic community would find the devel- opment of such weaponry most deplorable. Professor Bray, arguing for humanity, might again apply his unique analysis, which had been so well received at an earlier Forum on the subject of ROTC, and which for brevity only is summarized as follows: 1) The development of nuclear weapons is bad, 2) Physicists participate in the devel- opment of nuclear weapons, 3) Although physicists, in normal times are pretty good fellows, ". . . every legal protest should be made . . ." against the continuing development of nuclear weaponry, 4) Therefore, the presence of physicists should be denied at Brown as a protest. Later when the Defense Department budget has been so emasculated that more Army fatigue jackets will be found on the backs of the kids on campus than on the sol- diers for whom they were made, the Uni- versity can work to restore the physics de- partment at Brown. JOHN C. STEVENS, III, '63 Newburyport, Mass. Ready to contribute to the athletic complex Sir: Let me commend you for the excel- lence of the Monthly. I look forward to re- ceiving it as I find it keeps me current with what is going on at the University. There were two letters in the Febru- ary issue which I would like to comment on. I agree wholeheartedly with George F. Tyrrell's letter and feel that the alumni have been most remiss in supporting this area of the school's activities. I don't know how many others will respond positively to his suggestion; however, I am willing to be number 2 on the list of 500 who would be prepared to donate $1,000 during 1972 for the Athletic Complex. Now we only have 498 to go. My second comment refers to the let- ters commenting on Dick Walton's article. Over the past few years I have been most disturbed by many of the things that have transpired at the University. This affected my willingness to contribute more to the alumni fund than I had in the past. Reap- praising the situation, I now realize this was a wrong attitude. Not everything a university does will please everybody, be right, or be irrevocable. As time passes the university must change in order to keep in step. 1 believe that the alumni must continue to support "private education" in order to allow students throughout the country the opportunity of choosing between a private or public system. Each has its merits and demerits, but democracy is based upon freedom of choice. If we remove that free- dom, I believe we have lost a valuable asset. BRUCE HAUSMAN '51 Nexv York, N.Y. By the time of his 25th . . . Sir: I agree with the thoughts of George F. "Pete" Tyrrell as expressed in the Febru- ary Alumni Monthly. We are damn lucky that Len Jardine is still at Brown. In the programs for Ivy League football games, players around the league are questioned as to the relative strength of teams in the league. Invariably, Len Jardine is mentioned in the same breath as the fact that Brown football has improved. And it has improved. Unfortunately so have the other Ivy League teams. Despite the poor win-loss record un- der Jardine, everytime I have seen a Brown football game the last few years I've been impressed with the pride and physical toughness that the Brown players have ex- hibited on the field. I believe that, with proper alumni support. Brown can and will be a winner in the near future. Mr. Tyrrell mentioned one form of alumni support that would benefit not only the football team, but also the track team, the swimming team, basketball team, wres- tling team, and intramurals- Specifically he suggested that alumni get off their asses and contribute money to Brown which will be restricted to the construction of an Ath- letic Complex. I am somewhat torn by Mr. Tyrrell's proposal since I know that the Development Office prefers unrestricted funds. But President Hornig mentioned in a recent communique to alumni on the state of affairs at Brown that the main reason for the lack of an Athletic Complex was due to lots of talk on the part of the alumni and no action. Reminds me of the "NATO " ref- erence to Pembrokers. Evidently the Cor- poration will commit no funds to the Ath- letic Complex until $3,500,000 is raised through alumni funds at which time the Corporation will match the alumni contri- butions. $3,500,000 of alumni money is still a long way away and by the time it is reached, total cost of an Athletic Complex sufficient to meet the Brown University community's needs will have increased cor- respondingly. I therefore agree with Mr. Tyrrell's proposal that now is the time to act. Though I am just out of Law School and cannot match Mr. Tyrrell's $1,000 this year, the money I give to Brown this year and in the future — excluding the 25th Re- union Gift which is restricted by its terms to the usage voted upon by my class at its 25th reunion — will be restricted to the Ath- letic Complex until a suitable Athletic Com- plex is completed. Hopefully by the time my 25th reunion rolls around, one will be constructed. E. CLINTON SWIFT, JR., '67 Philadelphia, Pa. The day he met Lovecraft Sir: As if it were yesterday, I remem- ber meeting H. P. Lovecraft on the corner of Benefit Street and College Hill about noon on a very warm, sunny day. College Hill is a rather steep climb, but on that day, a friend of mine and I, both attending Classical High at the time, were climbing up it toward the campus. At the base of College Hill on Canal Street, a new courthouse had been built. By tak- ing the elevators to the fifth floor, we could have emerged on Benefit Street and eliminated the climb. However, despite the warm day, we walked. As we got to Benefit Street, my friend greeted a passerby and introduced me to him. It was H. P. Lovecraft. My friend, who was interested in sci- ence-fiction, had found where Lovecraft lived and had previously been there to meet him. As I recall, he told me that Lovecraft was supporting his aged mother who lived with him. It was a surprise to see him at noon, I was told also, because it was Love- craft's practice and custom to sleep during the days, with the shades drawn, and work at nights. On that sunny noon, H. P. Lovecraft told us the strange story of what happened to a story he wrote about a hotel on Benefit Street, a building which stands there no longer. Lovecraft had written a story about a true incident. At one time there was a young woman, a chambermaid in the hotel on Benefit Street, who left and married into wealth. Sometime afterward, she returned to visit the hotel as a guest. When she found herself discourteously treated and snubbed, she departed but put a "curse" on the hotel, on all those who had humiliated her, and on everything concerned with the hotel. In short order, ill luck apparently befell all and the hotel itself burned down. Furthermore, it had never been possible, somehow, for anyone to rebuild on the site. Even on the day H. P. Lovecraft told us the story, the place where the hotel had stood was still a vacant lot. Lovecraft had finished the story and, without making his usual carbon copy, made only one draft, which he then mailed to the publisher. His story never appeared in print. It was lost in the mails. LEW SHAW '41 New York, N.Y. Under the Elms Bv the Editors Jim Rogers on the Today show: He recovered his composure Just before Bro\vn admission direc- tor James Rogers went on the air for a guest appearance on the Today show April 17, interviewer Barbara Walters jokingly informed him that this was her chance for revenge. It appears that when Miss Walters was of college age, she ap- plied to Wellesley, Sarah La\vrence, and Pembroke. Wellesley and Sarah Law- rence said yes, but she was not accepted at Pembroke. Rogers allowed that ad- mission offices do make some mistakes and he recovered his composure enough to discuss who gets into college and how. The most recent trend that Rogers has spotted and encouraged is a tendency to "break the lockstep of the traditional college experience. There is nothing holy," he says, "about going through college in four years or about going straight to college from high school." About 40 students accepted at Brown last year took advantage of the oppor- tunity to defer their enrollment. One of the students who postponed coming to Brown for a year is spending the time working as a telephone lineman in Ari- zona. "We really don't care what they're doing," says Rogers, "as long as they're enjoying themselves." This year Brown received 10,136 applications which was the highest in the Ivy League and, according to Rogers, "probably higher than any other college in the nation that has competitive ad- mission." That total represents an eight percent increase over admission applica- tions to Brown last year and runs coun- ter to the general trend at many competi- tive schools which have experienced a drop in applications in recent years. About 2,175 students have been accepted and some 1,290 are expected to enroll in the Class of 1976 — about 75 students over this year's freshman class. Rogers also expects that the incoming freshman class will include more women than in the past. "The sex of the appli- cant has no bearing on admission deci- sions this year," Rogers says. "The num- ber of men and women accepted was de- termined by the quality of each of these applicant pools and not by any artificial administrative cut-offs for men and women. We expect to have more women in the new freshman class because we've received more applications from women than last year," he added. About 3,170 women applied to Brown this year, com- pared to the 2,530 who applied to Pem- broke a year ago. Rogers attributed the jump in applications from women to the University's becoming totally coeduca- tional and to recruiting assistance from women students at Brown interested in increasing the female enrollment. The study of what makes man human gains in popularity Three years ago there were four stu- dents in the Human Studies Program at Brown. Today there are 45. Prof. George Morgan dreams of the day when the pro- gram may evolve into a Center for Hu- man Studies, where faculty and graduate students could pursue this humanistic approach to learning on the highest level. The history of the special Brown program can be traced back to 1958, Aiittiission director Rogers- signing nil the iicccptance letters. when Professor Morgan initiated the first "University Courses in Interdiscipli- nary Studies." These courses sought to examine relationships among various modes of experience such as art, science, history, and philosophy, and to explore the fundamental problems of meaning and potential in human life. Gradually, the humanistic approach blossomed into a separate Human Stud- ies program leading to the bachelor of arts degree, the first of its kind at any major college in the country. What makes man human? What distinguishes him from animals, plants, or even gods? Are love, laughter, and religion unique to human beings? Seek- ing insights to questions such as these is the core philosophy behind the day-to- day academic experience of this group of Human Studies majors at Brown. Just as political scientists study politics and government, and biologists study plant and animal life. Human Studies majors study humanness. "Our understanding of what consti- tutes humanness is in severe crisis," says Professor Morgan. "This crisis perme- ates our personal and social existence, for living is inextricably bound with the conception men have of themselves." Professor Morgan is fully aware that the entire idea of students studying humanness may strike some as pie-in- the-sky idealism and completely imprac- tical. He doesn't buy this thinking. In- stead, he feels strongly that the program can provide a suitable background for fields ranging from law to medicine. "Not only do the universities need people whose thought gives primacy to man," Dr. Morgan says, "but we also need them in politics, city planning, mass communication, industry, labor unions, health care — you name it." At Brown, a Human Studies stu- dent has the independence and responsi- bility to formulate his own curriculum. A typical program of study might in- clude a choice of standard courses of- fered by the regular academic depart- ment, one or more special courses, and an Independent Study Project which the student designs with the help of the faculty advisor. Some of the subjects being studied by individual students in the program include the function of law, the impact of scientific thought on man's self-im- age, ethics in medicine, social planning, and movements in humanistic and ex- istential psychology. "No other program comes straight to the point like Human Studies," says Skip Halpern, a senior from Wayland, Mass. "You can go from government to therapy to social planning, but the prob- lems and possibilities begin and end with man and his understanding of how all these affect him." Emotion and reason, art and sci- ence, ambiguity and clarity — all of these things permeate life and are the basic stuff of Human Studies, according to Dr. Morgan. He feels that the desire of today's students to know more of the world about them has contributed to the increasing popularity of the Human Studies Program. And he still hopes and dreams that someday — in the not-too-distant future — that Center for Human Studies will become a reality on College Hill. It's spring — and time for academic honors Springtime is the season for aca- demic honors and, as usual. Brown pro- fessors have gathered their share. Three faculty members have been awarded Guggenheim Fellowships for 1972, on the basis of "demonstrated ac- complishment in the past and strong promise for the future." Lewis P. Lip- sitt, professor of psychology and direc- tor of the Child Study Center at Brown, will use the fellowship to investigate be- havior processes at a newborn baby re- search unit at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Bryce D. Lyon, Barnaby Conrad and Mary Critchfield Keeney Professor of History, will travel in France, Belgium, and England conducting research on fi- nancial institutions of Northern Europe during the 13th and 14th centuries. Je- rome L. Stein, Eastman Professor of Po- litical Economy, will study the welfare effects of fiscal policy in a growing econ- omy. William G. McLoughlin, professor of history, wrote a two-volume work on religious dissent in colonial New Eng- land which won the 1972 Frederic G. Melcher Book Award. The Melcher Award is given annually to the work "judged the most significant contribution to religious liberalism" by the Unitarian Universalist Association in memory of publisher Frederic G. Melcher. McLough- lin's book. New England Dissent, 1630- 2S33: The Baptists and the Separation of Church and State, was also nominated for a National Book Award. Stephen C. Bandy, assistant pro- fessor of English, has been awarded a fellowship from the National Endow- ment for the Humanities, for the pur- pose of giving "younger humanists free time at a relatively early point in their careers to develop abilities as teachers and contributors to learning in the hu- manities." Bandy plans to use the fellow- ship to write a book on the Augustinian influence in Old English literature, spe- cifically Beowidf. Students hadn't forgotten how to demonstrate, after all It has been a long time since Brown students gathered together in appreciable numbers to protest the war in Vietnam, but during the latter weeks of April, it became abundantly clear that no one had forgotten how. On April 20, a snowy day in the middle of mild spring weather, a newly- formed committee called the April Coa- lition to End the War called a mass meet- ing to discuss protest actions against the bombing raids in North Vietnam. In view of the much-deplored campus apathy of the past year, the crowd of 1,200 which jammed into Sayles Hall seemed amazed at its own numbers. As one student remarked, while he was pressing his way through the crush of bodies, "There haven't been this many people together in one place on campus since Cambodia." There were other parallels with the mood of May two years ago when stu- dent strikes shut down campuses all over the country in protest against the Cambodia invasion, but this time there were indications of a more focussed dis- sent. Jeffery Stout '72, who made an elo- quent chairman of the meeting, opened his remarks by saying, "This is no time for long speeches we have heard before. Our anger and frustration need not be turned into boredom. We must concen- trate our energies on actions to end the war." The nearly 20 anti-war activities announced during the meeting covered nearly every possible style and level of protest, ranging from canvassing for George McGovern to a meeting to plan civil disobedience — both legal and ille- gal — at the local induction center. Vari- ous groups called for students to donate blood for Vietnam civilians; to come to a public meeting to discuss Textron, one of the top ten defense contractors; to at- tend a demonstration in Newport or in New York; to organize in high schools; to picket military recruiting stations. The students also passed a resolu- tion calling for the "cessation and trans- formation of normal University activities on Friday, April 21, and a direction of energies to purposeful, conscientious ob- jection to United States involvement in Southeast Asia. . . ." The group also called for all members of the University community to join the protest activities. President Hornig issued a statement declaring that the University would re- main open and classes would not be can- celed, but that each member of the Uni- versity community should be free to ex- press the dictates of his own conscience. The statement added that students who chose not to attend classes would be able to make up scheduled academic work without penalty. Office supervisors were encouraged to make individual ar- rangements, when possible, for staff members who wished to take time off to join the protest activities. In a personal expression of protest, Mr. Hornig sent the following telegram to President Nixon: "Many of us who have supported your efforts to achieve peace and stability in the world and dis- engage us from the tragic Indo-China war are shocked and discouraged by the resumption of massive bombing. Aside from the questions of morality and hu- manity, my own intimate contact with the bombing of North Vietnam while I worked in the White House from 1964 to 1968 led me to the firm conclusion, despite the claims of the USAF, that the bombing campaign was militarily and psychologically ineffective. As a univer- sity president it is difficult for me to counsel young men and women to rely on our political process when we fly in the face of generally accepted notions of civilized conduct and our military efforts descend to plain barbarism. I plead with you to resume the course of negotiation and disengagement along which you were leading us." Mr. Hornig also endorsed a state- ment signed by all the Ivy League presi- dents and the president of M.I.T. which said, in part, ". . . all of us personally oppose a national policy which seems to be based on the belief that the United States must at almost any cost win the war in which it is engaged in Indo- China. The costs of such a policy in hu- man hfe and suffering are appalling and unjustified. . . ." The statement supported non-vio- lent expressions of protest "as long as they are not at the expense of the rights of others or at the expense of the con- tinuation of the constructive educational and scholarly activities of universities and colleges." Most of the anti-war activities by students were directed off campus, such as an Ecumenical Service of Atonement for War which took place on the steps of the Rhode Island Capitol with minis- ters from all major religious denomina- tions in Rhode Island taking part. A delegation of Brown students led a pro- cession from the College Green to the Statehouse service — a protest route some of them had marched four or five times before. On-campus protests centered on the Navy. A Naval recruiter was scheduled to be at the placement office on the day of the ecumenical service and about 50 students turned out to picket. But ap- parently the Navy had gleaned that it would not be an auspicious day for re- cruiting, so the session was cancelled. The students then moved their picket line to University Hall where they cir- culated petitions demanding that Brown halt negotiations and cease affiliation with the N.R.O.T.C. program. In an earlier response to the R.O.T.C. issue, which is scheduled to come before the faculty at its May meeting. President Hornig told students that he personally endorsed the presence of R.O.T.C. on campus. "As much as I detest the way some of our armed forces are being used," he said, "this country cannot do without armed forces. I cannot conceive of a professional force coming only from the professional academies. Therefore, if we must have armed forces, if they must have officers, it is my view that it is best for the country that these officers come from enlightened liberal institutions." The president stressed that his opinion was not an official administration posi- tion. The Brown bands: More than football halftime shows John Christie hasn't been very happy about the steady flow of letters to the BAM critical of the Brown Band's per- formances at football games last year. That's not really surprising, since John Christie is director of the Band. Christie certainly agrees that alumni have the right to dislike some of the halftime shows. What bothers him is that the controversy over the band's ap- pearance at football games overshadows the other aspects of the band program at Brown. "Alumni seem to feel," he says, "that the marching band for the football games is the only thing we do." Christie came to the University in 1970. His hiring was the direct result of a student petition to establish a Wind Ensemble and hire a full-time di- rector to take over the Band and the new wind ensemble. A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Michigan where he received bachelor's and mas- ter's degrees in music, he worked for five years in Germany as a professional bass trombonist and then served for five years as editor of The Instrumental- ist magazine before coming to Brown. He was attracted to the University, he says, by the opportunity to start a Wind Ensemble — which is a group of 50 to 55 woodwind, brass, and percussion players dedicated to performing serious music. The concept of a wind ensemble was first developed at the Eastman School in the 1940's. It is very much like a concert band, but the term "wind ensemble" was chosen to counteract the images of militarism, functionalism, and triviality so often associated with the word "band." "My first interest," Christie says, "is in serious music for winds." Brown's first Wind Ensemble, formed in 1970, had about 55 students. Last fall, 80 who were qualified tried out. The first concert was played with those 80 musicians; afterward all re- auditioned and the group was cut to 55. The excess players were then incorpo- rated into a new group, the Concert Band, which also included other stu- dents. This group, now numbering about 60, played on the College Green during the spring Parents Weekend and will play there again in May. For such occasions as building dedi- cations, convocations, and Commence- ment, there is a third group, the Univer- John Christie leads the University Band at the dedication of the List Art Building last October. Photographer Uosis ]uodvalkis was inside the building, shooting through the glass doors. sity Band, composed of about 80 play- ers. This band is basically the wind en- semble supplemented by musicians from other groups. The group alumni are most familiar with, the Brown Band, is actually three separate groups, Christie points out. There is the marching band, which plays for football games; the hockey band; and the basketball band, which was ini- tiated a year ago. The football band once had a high dropout rate, Christie notes, partially due to a lack of student pride in the group. For example, in 1970, the band started with 90 members and ended with 45. Last fall, in spite of an all-losing season, the band ended the season with 88 players remaining from the original 100. The students take great pride in the fact that they play more difficult music than they once did — and play it better, Christie says. He enjoys remembering that after the Yale game in 1970, a New Haven newspaper suggested that the Brown Band was so superior that the Yale Band should have stayed home. All told, there are some 175 wind and percussion players involved in the various groups at the University. Vir- tually none of them is a music major. The Wind Ensemble's concerts have been unbelievably successful, Christie says, particularly considering that just three years ago there was not a single concert of wind music on the campus. There have been overflow crowds for almost every concert and standing ova- tions at the conclusion. This group gave a concert at Com- mencement last year. Says Christie: "Both the students and I wanted very much to show the alumni that the Wind Ensemble represents serious music. Un- fortunately the number of players in the group seemed to outnumber the lis- teners." But the students and their leader will be back this year, hoping to show Brown's alumni that there is more to their program than a halftime show at football games. The alumni are cor- dially invited to hear for themselves. Two men, one woman win Arnold Fellowships Three Brown seniors — one woman and two men — have been awarded Sam- uel T. Arnold Fellowships for 1972. (For more about the Arnold Fellowship pro- gram, see page 12.) Marjorie B. Churgin of Kensington, Md., Jonathan V. Klimo of Providence, and Michael M. Mochi- zuki of Torrance, Calif., will each receive a $5,000 stipend for a year of foreign travel and independent study following graduation. Marjorie Churgin is an urban stud- ies major and has been a student repre- sentative on the Urban Studies Commit- tee and a member of the Modern Dance Group. She has also participated in com- munity organizing for a social action group in South Providence. She will use her fellowship to study bilingual educa- tion and minority group acculturation in Mexico, Belgium, Switzerland, and Is- rael. Jonathan Klimo is an artist and a poet with an independent concentration in art and English. He will receive both the A.B. and M.A. degrees from Brown in June. Klimo is chairman of the Brown Literary Board and has read his poems at area high schools under the auspices of the Rhode Island State Council on the Arts and the Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities. He will live in London next year, spending his time writing and painting. He hopes to pub- lish a second book of poems and use the print-making facilities at the London College of Art. Michael Mochizuki has been a member of the Brown Committee on Ad- mission and Financial Aid, a resident dormitory counselor, and vice-president of his class. He designed his own major in political theory and social change. He will visit Japan and Taiwan to study major religious movements there and their relationship to the strains of mod- ernization. The fellowships were established by Thomas J. Watson, Jr., '37, chairman of the executive committee of IBM, in mem- ory of the late Samuel T. Arnold '13, dean at Brown from 1929 to 1949 and later provost of the University. The newest obsession on campus? Climbing buildings Spiderman climbs Sayles Hall with- out the aid of ropes! The legendary Hu- man Fly scales 14-story Science Library in six minutes flat ! ! ! It must be one of the more special- ized obsessions at Brown. There are only two known participants presently in resi- dence, and their activities are confined to the dark hours of the night when the moon is full. Between them, Peter Blat- man '74 and John Lewis '75 have climbed just about every building on campus that presents even the slightest challenge. Blatman, the senior climber, scaled his first building during Freshman Week. Since then he has conquered Faunce House, the Barus and Holley engineer- ing building (seven stories), the John Carter Brown Library, Carrie Tower, Ly- man Gym, many of the dormitories, the Science Library and — with the aid of specially-made hardwood pegs — he made it up the sheer face of the new List Art building. Blatman prefers gothic or ear- lier Edwardian architecture for his climb- ing and he doesn't have much good to say about modern building design with its sheer, oblique lines and lack of gar- goyles or pediments for useful footholds. Nevertheless, when the Everest-like Science Library went towering up over the campus, the challenge was too great to be ignored. The building is the tallest on campus and Blatman's highest climb so far. To prepare, he worked out every day in Marvel Gym for a month. He made it up fast, and with no equipment, using a technique called "chimney jam- ming," wedging himself up a narrow slot running up the building. Going down was the hardest part, he said. That took about 25 cautious minutes. Blatman was also unable to resist the gold-domed Rhode Island Capitol, which he climbed last spring. He always climbs at night for the sake of privacy, but he realized that the spotlights il- luminating the roof would make his ven- ture too obvious to official eyes. "It was just a matter of waiting until one of the floodlights burned out," he says. When that finally happened, he went immedi- ately to climb the darkened corner of the dome. Brown's other nightclimber, John Lewis, has had a year's less experience than Blatman, but the sophomore climber admits that Lewis is "pretty good" and will probably equal his record before long. Lewis started climbing vertical cliffs near his New Jersey home and only took up buildings because "there are no appreciable mountains in Rhode Island." Lewis and Blatman only recently learned of each other's activities but they both cite such prior human flies as Dennis Merritt and Cherry Austin who co-authored A Climbing Guide to Brown University: The Most Popular Boulder Problems on and around the Campus. This playing-card-sized pamphlet, pub- Peter Blntman — doing his thing at the Carrie Tower. lished in 196c, rates Brown buildings in order of their climbing diliiculty and suggests specific routes and techniques. The entry for Manning Chapel recom- mends "a traverse around the northeast corner using friction hold only; continue on higher ledge to ^vindo\v next to fire escape." Blatman claims a spiritual kinship not only with his Brown predecessors, but also with a band of climbing-ob- sessed students at Cambridge University 100 years ago who called themselves the N'ightclimbers. Neither Lewis nor Blat- man are eager to philosophize about their curious preoccupation, but Blatman does offer a note of caution. "It takes more than just strength and agility to do it," he says. "You really have to know what you're doing and it could be dan- gerous if you didn't. You have to know the techniques and what to do if you get in trouble. You have to know how to fall." Blatman himself has fallen only once — from a second-story ledge in the West Quad onto concrete pavement. "I know how to absorb the shock with my body," he says, "so I wasn't hurt at all." Brown squad finishes fourth nationally — in debating Debating is making a strong come- back at Brown. The team, operating un- der the direction of Coach Barbara Tan- nenbaum, an instructor in the English department, placed fourth nationally this month in the annual debating tour- nament held at the University of Utah. A total of 54 college debating teams from throughout the country partici- pated in the tourney. These teams repre- sented the best of the 260 debating squads originally in competition. Representing Brown were Bruce Owens, a senior political science major from Uniondale, N.Y., and Alfred Snider, a senior from West Covina, Calif., ma- joring in Asian civilization. A discussion on possible government restraints on in- formation collected about U.S. citizens was the debating topic for the tourney. The three colleges that finished ahead of Brown nationally have large budgets, full scholarships for debaters, and full-time coaches. Brown is not blessed with this sort of program. Until two years ago, debating was a student activity. Now it's run through the English department. There is a bare minimum budget of $7,000 a year to cover meals, transportation, entrance fees to various tournaments, and other essentials. Coach Tanncnbaum has a full teaching load and can devote only about one-fifth of her time to the team. When she arrived two years ago with a B.A. and M.A. in communications from Syra- cuse, there was no office space for the group and practice space was barely ade- quate. "We can get along with most of our space problems," Miss Tannenbaum says. "But the tight budget really does hurt. We have prizes during the year for debates and this spring some of our de- baters gave back their prize money so that the team could go to the nationals in California. "We try to supplement our budget by sponsoring tourneys on campus. A collegiate tournament in November at- tracted teams from the East and Mid- west, and in March we hosted the high school national debating tourney. "There were high school debaters at Brown from all parts of the United States. Something like this was great public relations for the college. We don't have money to recruit debaters and so this was the next best thing. We got hundreds of the best young debaters in the country here and let them fall in love with the place." Coach Tannenbaum, who was the first female resident fellow hired at Brown, is enthused about the future of debating at the University and she hopes to stay around and see some of her ideas carried out. She is especially pleased with the success of the team this year, which includes a first-place finish among 125 teams in a tournament at the Uni- versity of Redlands in California in ad- dition to the fourth-place finish nation- ally. There is only one thing that she'd like to change. She accepts the fact that the team probably will never have the money to fly to tournaments regularly, but she wishes the group could get a new car so that when they drive to a tournament at Emory University in Georgia, for example, they can ride in something more comfortable and safer than a 1964 Ford. Things may be looking up in de- bating circles at Brown, but it's ex- tremely doubtful if this year's team has the strength of its 1905 counterpart. That was the year the college officials changed the time of the Brown-Mass State basketball game from evening to afternoon so that the contest wouldn't conflict with the Brown-Dartmouth de- bate scheduled for Sayles Hall. The discussion that had the entire student body at fever pitch in 1905 was; "Resolved that the admission of Cana- dian coal and lumber free of duty would be advantageous to the United States." Whether or not Coach Gerry Alaimo would agree to such a switch of one of his basketball games at this point in time is — at the very least — a subject worthy of debate. A new professional chair results from a major gift A man who was graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1894 is responsible for a gift of $750,000 to Brown. President Hornig indicated that the money will be used to establish a new professional chair at the University. The funds come from the William R. Kenan, Jr., Charitable Trust "to sup- port and encourage a scholar-teacher whose enthusiasm for learning, commit- ment to teaching, and sincere personal interest in students will enhance the learning process and make an effective contribution to the undergraduate com- munity." As a young chemist, the late Mr. Kenan helped discover and identify cal- cium carbide and the fact that acetylene gas could be derived from it. He was ac- tive for many years as a chemical and mechanical engineering advisor and was responsible for the installation of pro- duction plants for the carbide and acety- lene industry in the United States, Aus- tralia, and Germany. From 1924 until his death in 1965, Kenan was president and part owner of the Flagler System companies, a group of hotels, utilities, and other enterprises. The Kenan Charitable Trust was estab- lished that year under provisions con- tained in the Kenan will. The major em- phasis in the grants made by the Trust has been on assistance to colleges and universities. In providing for the Trust in his will, Kenan said: "I have always be- lieved firmly that a good education is the most cherished gift an individual can receive, and it is my sincere hope that the provisions of this article will result in a substantial benefit to mankind." 10 Under the terms of the recent grant, Dr. Hornig is responsible for selecting the Kenan Professor, the academic de- partment with which he or she will be affiliated, and the term of the appoint- ment. The president hopes to make an appointment before the end of this aca- demic year. Engineering students set out to build a better mousetrap The first "Grand Mouse 5000" is scheduled for May 4 in a first-floor cor- ridor at Brown's Barus and Holley Build- ing. For the uninitiated, the "Grand Mouse 5000" is a creative design contest for mousetrap-powered cars and is lim- ited to cars built from those materials contestants can piece together from one mousetrap. The race is the brainchild of James C. Hall, an engineering senior from Palos Verdes Estates, Calif. He said that the idea behind the race developed from his feeling that there was a need for some creative design projects at Brown. "This project is more than just a fun thing," he said. "The average engi- neer graduates with only book knowl- edge. My race will be a lesson in practi- cal solutions for the new engineer and should build his confidence in solving problems. The difficulties encountered should be basic, requiring the student to draw on his knowledge of engineering fundamentals." Entrants in the Grand Mouse 5000, which is being run by the Brown Stu- dent Section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, should be mem- bers of the engineering student body or faculty. However, non-engineering stu- dents and faculty may request permis- sion to enter the race. Rules for constructing the mouse- trap vehicle are exceptionally stringent, according to Hall. Once an entrant turns in his $2 entrance fee, two mousetraps are sent to him. All parts of one mouse- trap are sanctioned sources of material. The mousetrap spring is the only source of power. The spring may be tightened or rewound, but not tempered. Wire diameters are strictly enforced, solder may not be used, no parts may be jet- tisoned during the run, and rosin is for- bidden. There are other limitations. Each car must travel at least 37.5 feet and must not contact the sides of the nine- foot-wide track. Two prizes, with the value depending on the number of entry fees, will be awarded. One is a perform- ance prize for the vehicle traveling the greatest distance and the other is an economy-run prize for the vehicle that travels the greatest distance per unit of total standard cost. Within a ten-day period after the contest was announced, 15 contestants had picked up their two mousetraps, their bill of materials form, their official name sticker, and a copy of the stringent rules. A traditional weekend — with some new twists When the Commencement Proces- sion moves down College Hill on Mon- day, June 5, it will have a new look. No longer will there be separate lines of march for the male and femal'e gradu- ates. And there will be no more "Pem- broke" marshals or "Brown" marshals — just marshals. In fact, the chief marshal this June will have four aides — two male and two female. Pembroke will have the honor of holding the first reunion weekend event — a special luncheon on Thursday, June 1, for the 50-55- and 60-year reunion classes. Mrs. Helena Hogan Shea '30, president of the Alumnae Association, will preside. The Alumni Dinner, one of Brown's traditional reunion weekend events, will be held at Sharpe Refectory at 7:15 on Friday, June 4, preceded by a social hour in Patriots' Court at 6 p.m. Here, too, there will be a new look. Following the annual presentation of the Brown Bear Awards, there will be a mul- ti-media presentation (seven slide pro- jectors and two movie projectors will be involved) on the question of the role of a university in these turbulent modern times. The film will include scenes of Brown Commencements at the turn of the century. Tickets for the Alumni Dinner are $5.75 and reservations may be made by returning the application form enclosed with the alumni election mailing or by writing to Box 1859 at the University. Pembroke's Alumnae Dinner will also be held Friday evening, with Dean Jacquelyn A. Mattfeld as the main speaker. The affair, to be held at 6:30 at Andrews Hall, also will include the presentation of alumnae awards and class gifts. Reservations may be made through Box 1942. Friday's agenda wouldn't be com- plete without the Campus Dance, spon- sored for the second straight year by the Associated Alumni. Advance sale tickets are $6 per couple and $4 stag and may be purchased at Alumni House (Box 1854; tel. 863-2116) through June 1. Re- served tables are also available. Continuing a policy initiated two years ago, there will be a series of panel discussions on the campus Saturday morning. The wide variety of topics in- cludes the Brown medical school, Brown theater, intercollegiate athletics, and women in the University. Another highlight of the reunion weekend is the Saturday afternoon Alumni Field Day at Aldrich-Dexter Field. This event caters to children, with games, races, and prizes for all. But there is ample opportunity for the alumni to enjoy themselves, too. The special events at Field Day this year in- clude an Old Timers baseball game, a rugby match, and Softball contests be- tween the five-year reunion classes. There is no charge for Field Day. One of the loveliest events of the Commencement season is the Pops Con- cert on the College Green Saturday eve- ning. Miss Shani Wallis will sign with the Rhode Island Philharmonic. Details on ordering tickets for the Pops appear on the inside back cover of this issue of the BAM. If you are receiving more than one copy of the BAM, read on . . . The merger of the Pembroke Alumna with the BAM meant the merger also of the mailing lists of the two magazines. And, no matter how hard we have tried to avoid duplication, we know that some of our readers are receiving two copies of the BAM. So ... if you are one of those, please send us the labels off your copies of this issue — and indicate which is the correct label we should be using. Those who will be grateful include the editors, the records-keepers at the alumni and alumnae offices, and the University's data processing office. 11 Five Arnold recipients Lon Shinn at the Rhode Island Capitol. Sanford UUman is an intern at Boston City Hospital. /r, '^ i * \ X^ '"^ "^ ^ >: •- ' ~t ■ 'f^ * J Barbara Reisman — first woman recipient. Andy Arnault — as an actor at Brown. Peter Billings — at Harvard Law School. 12 The Arnold Fellowships One recipient called them daring and good-natured' Imagine that a complete stranger — as an act of faith and for no quantifiable reasons — gives you a gift of a year. A year of your life free from any demands except those you place on yourself. There are only two stipulations: you must have some idea of how you want to spend your time and you must spend it abroad. Within that framework, the world is yours to choose from. You can devote yourself to learning traditional Indian dance in Kerala: you can study programs for care of terminal patients in London hospitals: you can take photographs in Israel or write poetry in Ireland. You can travel or settle down in one place. You can change your plans in the middle of the year if you want to. You don't have to account for how you spend your money or your time. As an outline of the perfect escapist J, fantasy, the plan for Brown's Ar- nold Fellowships serves pretty well. Com- pared to the winner of a Samuel T. Ar- nold Fellowship, Cinderella was unlucky; she had to be home by midnight. Arnold Fellows are bestowed with a whole year for wish-fultillment, travel, study, and contemplation. The purpose is to provide graduat- ing seniors with "a focused and discip- lined Wanderjahr of their own devising — a period in which they might have some break from the lockstep of pre- scribed educational or career patterns, in which they might have an unusual and sustained opportunity to take stock of themselves, test their aspirations and abilities and explore in some depth their interests." The Fellowship program, which one recipient described as "daring and good- natured," was established in 1064 by Thomas ]. Watson, Jr., '37 in memory of the late Samuel T. Arnold '13, who was dean and provost of Brown. The Fellow- ships are daring in several respects: the Fellows are completely trusted to use the $5,000 stipend intelligently and without an accounting. The Fellowships are not given as a reward for anything in par- ticular. Arnolds do not necessarily go to the applicants with the best grades or the most impressive list of campus ac- tivities. A number of past Arnold win- ners have been students whom the Rhodes or Fulbright selection people would have thrown out on the first round. Since the traditional criteria for awarding honors are deemphasized in choosing Arnold Fellows, the faculty se- lection committee (which changes every year) tries to make what Robert O. Schulze calls "holistic judgments about an applicant's potential." Schulze, who administered the early years of the Ar- nold program while he was dean at Brown, was until recently the director of the Thomas J. Watson Foundation which provides similar fellowships for a num- ber of small colleges. There are no hard- and-fast rules for winning an Arnold, Schulze says, and any attempt to de- scribe the "ideal" candidate tends to sound mystical or platitudinous. In the Watson Foundation literature, which serves as an adequate description of the Arnold as well, Schulze himself puts the emphasis on such qualities as "integrity, creativity, leadership capacity, and potential for humane and effective involvement in the world community. A candidate's proposed project — while hopefully realistic, imaginative, and per- sonally significant — is of secondary im- portance. Likewise the academic record of a candidate, while relevant, is not the principal criterion, nor, of course, is a merely extensive array of campus ac- tivities." The Arnold Fellowship program is structured — or unstructured — to take chances on people because its benefactor, who is now chairman of the executive committee of IBM and a fellow of the Brown Corporation, wanted it that way. When Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was an undergraduate at Brown, he had a spe- cial fondness for Samuel T. Arnold, who was then dean. "I was never a distinguished stu- dent," says Watson, "and yet Sam Ar- nold was always my friend and always gave me the feeling that someday I might have some success in some area as yet unknown to me or him. My friendship with Dr. Arnold continued after the war and until his death, and to this day he remains one of the very few people who had a profound effect for the good on my life. So the Arnold Fellowship memorializes a man of great distinction who lives on in the minds of many people like myself, in whom he had belief and on whom he had influ- ence." The heirs of Sam Arnold's sensitiv- ity and understanding are the Fellowship winners — numbering about 20 since the awards began. As might be expected with such a loosely structured program, no generalizations are possible about the group. Fellowships have gone to fledg- ling sculptors, physicians, poets, actors, businessmen, lawyers, and people who don't yet know what they want to do. Recipients have remained abroad for pe- riods ranging from six months (due to draft complications) to three years and no signs of returning. Some of the Fellows followed pre- cisely the program they had planned; others did something else entirely. For everyone, the experience was enlighten- ing and rewarding, though as Schulze points out — and as several Fellows con- flrm — it can be a very demanding year. "Most winners," says Schulze, "have been in school for 16 straight years. They have had their days planned for them and there have been built-in re- wards." What one Fellow called "the ultimate experience in freedom" can be difficult to adjust to. According to Schulze, 13 Fellows have been known to write plain- tive letters saying, "Are you sure you don't want a mid-year report?" Although there has been no sys- tematic follow-up of Fellowship winners, the Brotvii Alumni MontJily has at- tempted to contact many of them in an effort to gather impressionistic evidence about the program's impact. The follow- ing where-are-they-no\v survey is based on letters and telephone interviews with returned Fellows or relatives of those not-yet-returned. Arnault: Staying in India Andrew Arnault '71 left for his Arnold year with an around-the-world plane ticket good for one year in his pocket. His plan was to see as much of the world's theater and dance as he could. When Arnault got to India, he decided it was someplace worth staying, so he cashed in the rest of his plane ticket and enrolled in the Kerala Kalamandalam in Cheruthuruthy to study the traditional Kathakali dance-drama. In a letter to Professor James Barnhill, Arnault wrote that the school faculty "includes some of the best actors I have ever seen." Arnault expects to make his debut in his first Kathakali role in August, after intensive training \vhich includes the urichil. This is a rigorous massage (using feet, not hands) given by the asans (gurus) to the students during the rainy season and is in large part, ac- cording to Arnault, responsible for the life-long suppleness of the Kathakali actors. Before arriving in India, Arnault visited New Guinea to attend the Mount Hagen festival of tribal dancing. He also spent three months on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. In Java he watched an eight-hour, harvest-time per- formance of the zoayang-kuUt, or leather shadow puppets. Arnault describes Java as "the most 'classical' culture I've ever seen. In contrast to Bali, where the music and dance are strong and dynamic, Java- nese dancing is beautifully cool, elegant, and slow. They float as they move — it's like they're dancing in a dream." Arnault plans to remain in India for at least another year and then perhaps to return to Bali to learn another form of dance-drama. Mostel: Completing a symphony According to Raphael Mostel '70, the Arnold Fellowship program is an "incredible institution. I think everyone should have one and they should be re- newable." Mostel concentrated in music at Brown and he is now back in the United States completing a symphony he began during his 18-month "year" abroad. Besides writing music, Mostel also studied informally with several Eu- ropean musicians, including Witold Lu- toslawski. The Polish composer does not, as a rule, accept foreign students, but Mostel gained entree through a Polish student he met at a seminar on modern music in Holland. Mostel believes that it's important to travel and to meet people, and if he hadn't received the Arnold, he probably would have followed just about the same program. But, as he is now in the process of realizing, "it's difficult without funds." His only suggestion for the program is to divide the awards in half so they could reach more people. Billings: A chance to 'slow down' Peter Billings '67 had a traditional stu- dent leader's career at Brown, includ- ing a term as president of the Cammar- ian Club. His Arnold project "started out as a study of the relationship between educational policy and politics in Eng- land." In retrospect, Billings says, the best result of his Arnold year was "to slow me down. I had been in too many activities at Brown, then I went to Eng- land and all of a sudden, I was in noth- ing. I had to be ready to do some soul searching." Billings made little preparation for his year in England and, in his words, "just showed up at King's College at Cambridge. As a fluke," he says, "they had room for me, so I moved into the College." His affiliation with King's Col- lege gave Billings access to the workings of a governmental commission charged with studying public schools. As is often the case in this country, the ways of the commission were deliberate almost to a standstill, so Billings occupied himself with observing a by-election which was being held in Cambridge and writing about attitudes of student organizations for a local newspaper. Billings' own attitudes toward home were considerably shaken during his year at Cambridge. "I felt very anti- American," he recalls. "That was the year Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were assassinated, the year of the Tet Offensive, and the year Johnson stepped down. You tend to get a very apocalyptic vision of your own country, watching from abroad. After the Tet Of- fensive, I marched on the American Em- bassy along with my Cambridge friends." Billings returned from England to work on a Senate campaign in Utah. He is now attending Harvard Law School and is the youngest member of the Brown Corporation. Coles: Film-making in Ireland For some of the Arnold Fellows, the hardest part is coming home. Christo- pher Coles '69 hasn't yet. At Brown, Coles did an independent concentration centered around the problems of myth, ritual, and voice in writing. For his Ar- nold project, he went to East Africa and lived on the coast of Kenya, studying SwahiliVjral literature, with a short break for a voyage on an Arab sailing vessel in the Indian Ocean. He then moved to England, where he taught in a secondary school in the Bermondsey section of London. Coles is now a first-year student at the British National Film School and is presently in Belfast, making a documen- tary film on the life of a Catholic work- ing-class family. Galdston: Working with Alinsky Ken Galdston '68 deferred his Fellow- ship for two years while he worked as a Vista community organizer in a small town in South Carolina. That ex- perience convinced him to change his Arnold project from the original pro- posal to study Polish students' attitudes toward America to a study of workers' control movements in Europe. Galdston's interest in community organization dates from his senior year at Brown — a time of national and local turmoil. "I began to wonder," he says, "why people didn't have more control over those institutions that were sup- posed to be responsive to their needs." As a result, Galdston wrote his honors' thesis on Chicago-based organizer Saul Alinsky. 14 His Arnold project on workers' con- trol and community organization took him first to Yugoslavia, where he visited factories run by self-management work- ers' committees. In West Germany, he studied the system of self-determination, in which major industries have worker representation on the boards of directors. He also went to Belfast and Sicily to in- vestigate community-based political movements. Galdston is now working for Saul Alinsky's Industrial Areas Institute as a community organizer in the southwest side of Chicago. "It's an area known as Little Siberia," he says, "because there are no services at all. My job is to find out what people consider their worst problems and to find ways of solving them." Galdston believes his Arnold year was valuable because it gave him a chance to build a theoretical framework for his community organizing efforts. "I was able to do a lot of reading on social and political thought," he says, "and I really appreciate that, because now I work 12 to 13 hours a day and I don't have any extra time." Galdston also feels that it was im- portant to have the freedom to establish one's own discipline. "At first it was difficult," he recalls, "but eventually I settled down to a more structured average day than I had had at Brown. I traveled alone most of the time and I think that I matured more on some of those 26-hour train rides through Poland with peasant women and their geese than I would have in an entire year of graduate school." Reisman: Studying child care The first woman to receive an Arnold Fellowship, Barbara Reisman '71 planned a project which touches on the concerns of the women's liberation move- ment. She is presently in Europe study- ing government-sponsored child care centers. Her intention is to examine these centers "to try to understand how they function in the context of their own so- cieties, and to try to incorporate this understanding into a proposal for child care in the United States." So far. Miss Reisman's research has taken her to Israel, Paris, Marseilles, Lon- don, and the Soviet Union. Before she returns to the United States, she plans to visit Sweden, Denmark, and Poland. Miss Reisman believes that "because a people's aspirations for its children and its ideas about sexual roles are contained in the programs of its educational insti- tutions, this investigation can give me a basis for understanding the societal and cultural values of the countries I visit. "I think my research is going well," she writes, "but I value this time also for the opportunity it has given me to contemplate my future with somewhat less pressure and somewhat more direc- tion than I had last year at this time." Shinn: A tour of Europe Robert "Lon" Shinn '70 is clear on one point about his Arnold Fellowship year: it changed his life. Without it, he says, "I would have entered the Navy immediately after graduating and prob- ably would have been stationed on an aircraft carrier in someplace like the South China Sea. When I came back, I would have gone to law school. As a re- sult of the Arnold, I was able to get mar- ried. I saw all I could possibly see of Europe in nine months. I talked to a great many interesting people about a problem which, to my knowledge, hasn't been investigated before. Now I'm go- ing to get a master's degree shortly and I've been offered a teaching position at the U.S. Navy post-graduate school in California while I'm serving my time. After that, I'll probably go on and get a doctorate." Shinn's project was to investigate the political problems behind solving marine pollution control. He and his new wife spent most of a year traveling in a Volkswagen camper to a number of in- ternational conferences related to marine pollution. The starting point was a UNESCO conference in Paris on "Man in the Biosphere." Then Shinn went to London to the Intergovernmental Mari- time Consultant Organization to study documents and interview people. After a side trip to Morocco, Shinn traveled to three more conferences in Geneva, Rome, and Prague. Although Shinn is writing a mas- ter's thesis based on the material he col- Everyone should have an Arnold and they should be renewable' 15 lected in Europe and plans to continue his work in the field after he leaves the Navv, he is not optimistic about the prospects for effective marine pollution control. "The most important considera- tions at law-of-the-sea conferences," he says, "seem to be political and busi- ness ones. Environmental issues are a very low priority and since any effective marine pollution control program would have to be world-wide or international in scale, it's difficult to reach any kind of agreement." Ullman: 'The ultimate in freedom' Between the demands of Harvard Med- ical School and the draft, Sanford Ullman '67 was only able to use his Ar- nold Fellowship for six months. His project was to study the problems of health care distribution, with relation to financing and allocation of physician re- sources in Western European countries. In London he went to classes and worked in the wards of St. Thomas' Hospital as a special medical student. In Sweden he visited various types of med- ical facilities and studied at the Depart- ment of Social Medicine at Uppsala. In Israel and Holland, he investigated health insurance and group practice facilities. According to Ullman, the project was valuable professionally, because he now has a much clearer idea of the American medical system, having had a chance to compare it with others. When he returned from the Fellowship, he wrote a prize-winning paper for Harvard Med- ical School on the changes in national medical education in Sweden and Hol- land and how they reflected changes in intent in those health services. On a personal level, Ullman thinks that his Arnold Fellowship was "the ulti- mate experience in freedom. I'd never traveled before," he says, "in fact I'd never been out of school before, and I didn't realize it until I went, but I had never had any time to think about things without deadlines or pressure." Ullman can't imagine any change in the pro- gram. "It's splendid the way it is," he says. "It is flexible enough to be accom- modated to almost anyone's needs." Ullman, who was in the six-year medical program at Brown, is now in- terning at Boston City Hospital. He has returned to Europe several times since his Arnold trip to follow up his research interests. Scuris: A trip back home When Ted Scuris '64 went to Greece on his Fellowship, he was coming home to a country where he didn't speak the language. Scuris was born in Greece and lived there for the first six years of his life. He was met in Athens by a brother he hadn't seen in 15 years. "So much of my own personal life that had been nothing more than leg- end," he says, "was realized by return- ing to Greece — like my brother, like the village where I was born, like the Acropolis." Scuris, who is a poet and sculptor, had two central reasons for staying in Greece — to learn Greek with the idea of translating and to work with marble. "After about six months," he says, "I stopped speaking English entirely and after a year I began translating." Scuris stayed in Greece for three years and translated two books of poetry and a novel. He also wrote poetry and made about 40 pieces of marble sculpture, some of which he exhibited in Athens. It occurred to Scuris to come home when he started forgetting English. "I was trying to write in English," he says, "and I realized that I was thinking in Greek and having to translate back into English." Scuris is now in the doctor of arts program at Brown. Marchant: 'Am I worth it?' A ccording to Frederick Marchant '68, J\^ the long-term effects of the Arnold Fellowship are incalculable. Marchant is now working on an interdisciplinary Ph.D. with the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. When reached by telephone in his Hyde Park apartment, he was just sitting down to the typewriter to work on a short story which had its genesis in an inci- dent that took place while he was on his .Arnold "pilgrimage." Marchant's project was to travel, to write, and to meet other writers. (He is one of two Arnold Fellows so far who have tried unsuccessfully to meet Ezra Pound.) His year was broken down into two periods of travel and two of writing. Following an "exhausting and extensive romp all over the continent," he settled in Madrid to learn Spanish, translate some poems by an unknown Spanish author, and write his own poetry. After several months in Madrid, he traveled to Israel with a photographer "to document and express what war and peace meant for another culture. For well over a month," he says, "a time that in- cluded the Passover and Easter celebra- tions, we stayed, camped, drove, and scoured the small country. Living alter- nately by the Damascus gate to the old city and camping on the desert, there was little of the country or the people we ignored, my friend photographing and myself writing." For the last segment of his trip, Marchant and his typewriter ("the first I have owned, bought with Fellowship money") went off to a small farm in the northwest corner of Donegal in Ireland to write. Marchant, who was in the service for two years before he took his Fellow- ship, says that the experience seems idyl- lic in anticipation and contemplation, but during the actual living, it is streaked with intense introspection. "If someone gives you $5,000, you feel that every- thing you do has to have some meaning. You're not just on vacation and you keep thinking, 'What can I do to prove that I'm worth it?' " Bloom: Working in London David Bloom '71 is now in London, working on a study of methods of counseling people with terminal ill- nesses. His interest in the project arose partly out of several biomedical courses he took at Brown and an independent study of literary suicides. "Dealing with death in this man- ner," he wrote in his Fellowship applica- tion, "seems to me an affirmative rather than a negative conceptual role. To help someone understand the existential mean- ing of their limited life and the human worth of that time seems important, challenging, and necessary. Work I have done at Brown convinces me that life is sacred and that its meaning is derived from the way in which we become rec- onciled to our death as well as our life." Bloom is following a work schedule in London of doing research at the Royal Marsden and St. Christopher's Hospi- 16 tals in the morning and studying and writing at the British Museum in the afternoon. He plans to do a comparative study of thanatology in France and Italy, and, if time permits, Turkey. Seitz: Finishing his Ph.D. Karl Seitz '61 spent four years in the Marine Corps before winning his Fellowship. After that experience, he says, "I craved the freedom and the chance to get back to what I had been doing." Seitz' proposal was to study the ways a culture's art and architecture are related to its ideas. Seitz majored in phi- losophy at Brown and spent half of his senior year in Florence. "I was fasci- nated," he says, "by the relationship of Italian art work to the Italian language." Seitz' Arnold project concentrated on the art of Byzantine Rome, Florence, and Napoleon's Paris. "I was not so much interested in the aesthetics of the work," he says, "but more in how it communicated the ideas of the time and how it was influenced by the available materials." The conclusion Seitz came to about his project was that "it was much more complicated than I had thought." He is now finishing his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan on intellectual history and writing a dissertation on a topic related to his Arnold project. In the fall, he will begin teaching at the University of New Mexico. Kujawski: Teaching art therapy Mario Kujawski '66 spent the first four months of his year abroad trying to find a studio in Madrid. Ku- jawski, who is a sculptor, found the ex- perience of setting up a studio in a for- eign country both challenging and ex- pensive. "Materials and equipment cost a lot," he says, "unless you're really sim- plistic about it and work in string or local mud. Maybe there should be a spe- cial fund for sculptors." Finding a studio was "a lesson in self-reliance," but Kujawski, who works in fiberglass and wood, did not find Spain a very congenial setting. "The lack of any artistic involvement," he wrote in his report, "due to what I think is a cultural and political suppression on the part of the present government. makes prospects for personal expression there difficult." Eventually Kujawski moved to Paris, where he would like to have stayed, "but the draft was breathing down my neck." He is now teaching and doing art ther- apy at the Children's Home in Dayton, Ohio. Pearson: A broker in Brazil Donald Pearson '65 spent the first part of his Arnold year improving his Spanish at the University of the Ameri- cas in Mexico. His original project was to study political movements at Latin American universities. But a meeting in San Salvador with George Lodge of the Harvard Business School convinced him to change his work to a study of the Central American Common Market and the Latin American Free Trade Associa- tion. In every country he visited, Pear- son lived with local families, ranging from middle-class Mexican to rural In- dian. After finishing his Fellowship year, Pearson attended Harvard Business School and then returned to Rio de Ja- neiro to live. He has worked for AID in Brazil, in a capital investment program, and is now a partner and in the Rio of- fice of a Washington, D.C. -based invest- ment firm which he started with several Harvard classmates. A.B. I keep thinking, What can I do to prove I'm worth this Fellowship?' 17 Uosis luodvalkis George Borts in his Robinson Hall office 18 Phase I, Phase II . . . and what s next? By George H. Borts Professor of economics In the coming months, the economic poUcies of the Nixon Administration will be the subject of partisan debate. Since my own views are as unpalatable to Demo- crats as to Republicans, they will not give aid or comfort to either group. I hope, however, they will clarify some of the issues which the political debate is likely to hide. The American economy suffers from both inflation and unemployment. Despite the faci. that the Nixon eco- nomic program is now over eight months old, you only have to go into the supermarket or watch the price in- dexes to discover that inflation is continuing. You only have to compare the rise in the cost of living with the rise in your family's income to know that your standard of living has been going down. While this last conclusion is certainly not true of every family in the country, it is true of many of the readers of this magazine. Economists do not agree about the causes of inflation. We have had different kinds of inflation in the recent past. The inflationary periods of World Wars I and II and the Korean War led us to accept the idea that inflation is caused by an excess of total spending over the economy's capacity to produce. In these three wartime periods, the excess spending was caused by government deficits. When the demand for the economy's output of goods and serv- ices exceeds its capacity to produce, a full employment barrier is reached. Further increases in demand beyond that barrier will be met not by increases in output but in prices. The sharp inflations of these war periods, not only in the United States but in other countries, gave support to this explanation. We call it demand-pull inflation. But since the Korean War, we have had a number of episodes, both here and abroad, when inflation has oc- curred unaccompanied by excess aggregate demand in the sense just defined. We have had inflation without full em- ployment. The appearance of this unexplained phenome- non has stimulated intellectual conflict between those econ- omists who retain their belief that inflation is due to de- mand-pidl factors, and those who claim that it is due to cost-push factors. The cost-push school maintains that in- flation may occur with unemployment and excess capacity, because of the structure of particular markets and the way in which particular industries are organized. As a re- sult of the experience of the last three years, particularly the recession of 1970, I would say that the demand-pull school is somewhat in the shadow. A review of this ex- perience will explain why. When the Nixon Administration came into office, we had full employment. The economy was expanding in real terms at the rate allowed by growth of the labor force and its productivity. We also had an inflation of prices and wages which began in 1965 and was associated initially with demand-pull. The new Administration felt the most important economic challenge it faced was inflation, and it set about to halt inflation by following the demand-pull prescription. In 1969, policies were begun to reduce total spending in the economy. The Administration reduced the growth of federal spending and used monetary policy to slow down the growth of spending by the private sector of the economy. It slowed down the growth of the money supply and made credit more expensive and harder to obtain. The policy worked! It did slow the growth of total spending. But when the Administration's economists looked at prices and wages they discovered, somewhat to their surprise and contrary to their forecasts, that prices had not stopped rising. The policy had failed! Prices con- tinued to rise at the same rate as previously, and in some cases, at faster rates. It made thinking people ask. Why did prices continue to rise even though the demand for goods and services had stopped rising? It led to a more sympathetic look at the cost-push explanations for in- flation. While cost-push explanations become very abstract, they can be summarized under two broad headings. One is the union and monopoly explanation; the other is the expectation argument. Each explanation has its supporters. The union-monopoly explanation is based on the notion that we no longer have competition in either the labor markets or the markets for final goods. Organized labor will bargain for wage increases, and those employers who are willing to give wage increases are able to pass them on to the buying public in the form of higher prices. Thus wage and price increases depend on bargaining power and not on the pull of demand. The expectation argument is more sophisticated; it is based on the notion that the employer is willing to pay the wage he feels necessary in order to maintain his labor force. He expects that wages will rise, and he fears that he will lose his employees to some other firm if he doesn't give an increase. Thus even in the absence of strong union bargaining power, employers are willing — and in fact eager — to give wage increases. They fear that failure to increase wages will demoralize their labor force and pre- vent them from operating efficiently. The same type of 19 expectation argument could be used to explain why prices rise in a market for a manufactured good. The expectation school rebuts the union-monopoly argument by pointing out that the sharpest increases in prices and wages have come in sectors of the economy where unions and monopolies are weakest. There is never- theless a considerable amount of evidence in support of the union-monopoly argument. When we pick up the newspaper we see that large wage gains are won when- ever major union contracts come up for negotiation. More- over, wage increases and price increases have occurred in industries which are secularly declining, such as rail- ways and aerospace. Wage increases occur in industries hit by cyclical decine such as construction, autos, and steel (in 1970). Surely such industries were not giving out wage increases for fear of losing workers to other em- ployers. If we did not have unions and monopolies raising wages and prices, we would have a very different pattern of wages and prices than we have at the moment. While wages might rise in growing industries to attract labor, they would fall in declining industries. Thus the auto in- dustry would not be raising its wages and prices in the face of severe foreign competition. Despite the disagreement over causes, cost-push economists agree that inflation is likely to continue for a considerable period of time, regardless of what happens to aggregate demand. Even if the government pursues a deflationary policy, as it did in 1969 and 1970, wages will continue to increase. The Nixon Administration came around to this point of view when it imposed the wage and price freeze last August. For the first time the Admin- istration accepted the cost-push argument. I personally agree with the cost-push school that in- flation cannot be cured in the short run by cutting total expenditure in the economy. Policies such as cuts in gov- ernment spending and slowing the growth of the money supply might work in the very long run, but only at the price of considerable unemployment, more than we have now. A long period of unemployment would end inflation for two reasons. Unemployment weakens the bargaining power of unions. Moreover, in unorganized labor mar- kets, unemployment eventually leads to falling wages. Once wages begin to fall, expectations, if important, work in the downward direction. Thus a long enough period of recession could conceivably eliminate inflation, but at a very high cost. The Nixon Administration, by a faulty forecast, underestimated this cost. They thought that in- flation could be halted by a brief recession. They were wrong. We had both inflation and recession. The second major issue of the day is unemployment. It was less than 4 percent in 1968. Today it is over 5.5 percent, and it is unlikely to go below this level for the rest of 1972. Unemployment is the consequence of the Administration's anti-inflation policy. Reductions of fed- eral spending and the tight money policy killed the busi- ness boom of 1968. Many industries had to lay off em- ployees and had to slow down the hiring of college and high school graduates. The growth industries of a few years ago found themselves scratching for liquidity and cancelling plans for long-range expansion. While not se- vere as business recessions go, the downturn of 1969 had many of the emotional aspects of a business panic. The chief factor governing the disappearance of un- employment is the growth of total spending. If it grows rapidly, we can expect unemployment to disappear. If it grows slowly, we can expect unemployment to linger. Federal forecasts indicate it will linger. Is there no other way to reduce unemployment? Why must the clearing of the labor market depend upon government action? If a department store has excess inventory, it cuts prices by running a sale, and buyers empty its shelves. Why doesn't the same thing happen in the labor market? Why don't the unemployed cut their wages to a point necessary to at- tract employers? Theoretically this could happen, but there are many barriers to prevent it. Some of the barriers are legal, such as federal and state minimum wages. Some have the protection of law, such as trade union contracts. Some of the barriers are psychological. $ The other day at lunch, someone asked, "What would happen if a new Ph.D. offered himself for hire at half the going wage? How many job offers would he receive?" I think you know the answer. He wouldn't find any, and he would be regarded as an eccentric for failing to offer his services at the going wage. In fact his qualifications might be looked on with some suspicion, since he didn't value his services as highly as his peers valued theirs. This ex- ample could be repeated throughout the entire range of professional occupations and could very likely be ex- tended to civil service occupations as well. In the labor market it is very difficult for excess supply to translate into wage declines in the short run. The reason is that many buyers of labor have no incentive to act as econ- omizers until they are forced to do so by their superiors. The third major problem of the day is the deficit in our balance of payments. Foreign citizens and foreign cen- tral banks are accumulating dollars, because the U.S. is purchasing goods, services, securities, and other assets abroad in greater amounts than foreigners are buying from us. Foreign central banks are accumulating dollars, because they are the ultimate source of conversion for a foreign citizen's holdings of dollars into his own currency. In the last few years, foreign central banks have accumu- lated large amounts of dollars, in excess of amounts they 20 wished to hold. This year, there was an additional trans- fer of dollars abroad, because many expected a change in the official exchange rates between the dollar and other currencies. That expectation stimulated speculation against the dollar to take advantage of a likely capital gain or avoid a likely capital loss. There are three reasons why we have had and will very likely continue to have balance of payments deficits. First, prices and costs of manufactures in this country have risen with inflation. When converted through ex- change rates into prices and costs in other currencies, it appears the U.S. is becoming a "high price" market. This has produced a deficit in our goods and services trade. Second, interest rates in this country were not ad- vantageous to foreign investors relative to interest rates in their own countries, so that the U.S. has not drawn funds on capital account. Normally, the U.S. invests more funds abroad than are invested here, and substantially higher interest rates here would be needed to offset this flow. Third, the U.S. transfers substantial funds overseas through various government spending programs, includ- ing military expenditures and foreign aid. These transfers of dollars abroad find their way into the hands of foreign central banks. The three factors just mentioned plus the speculative movement of funds produced a balance of payments deficit in 1971 which was the largest in our his- tory. The deficit set the stage for an international financial and political crisis when the Administration announced its new programs August 15. Prior to August 15, the Administration had ignored the deficit on the ground that it was a foreign problem. In this view, our balance of payments deficit meant the wrong exchange rates were in effect and the foreign price of the dollar too high. For only foreign central banks can decide whether they are accumulating too many dollars. If they so decide they can lower this price, since the U.S. does not set the international value of the dollar. Each foreign central bank (except Canada, which has a free ex- change rate) sets the value of its own currency with re- spect to the dollar. When the new policy was announced August 15, it was clear the Administration had changed its mind on the issue of exchange rates. Rather than welcome the oppor- tunity to buy low-cost foreign goods in exchange for dol- lars (which cost very little to produce), the Administration focused on the mercantilist aspect of the issue. It claimed that cheap foreign imports were a threat to the jobs of American workers and sent the Secretary of the Treasury around the world seeking lower foreign prices for the dollar. Inflation, unemployment, and the balance of pay- ments deficit produced the change in economic policy in August 1971. The Phase I and Phase II programs had three aspects: Wages and prices were frozen by decree for 90 days, followed by wage and price controls. Con- trols meant that wages and prices could be raised subject to approval of a Price and a Wage Board. Agricultural commodities were exempted from these controls, and con- struction wages were handled by a separate board. The second aspect of the Nixon program was an at- tempt to raise private spending by increasing the cash flow of corporations and the disposable income of house- holds: the policy included a corporate income tax credit on new investment, minor changes in the personal income tax, and repeal of the auto excise tax. The third aspect of the program was the temporary import surcharge, the ne- gotiation of a new set of exchange rates, and a new dollar price of gold. $ I am highly critical of the economic aspects of the Nixon economic program, although I concede that it has been a smashing success politically. Its political success derives from the fact that the Administration took over the program of the opposition party. I know of no Demo- crat running for national office who is opposed to the con- trol program. As economic policy, the control program is a mistake. In order to explain this, it is necessary to contrast effec- tive from symbolic controls. Effective controls require the expenditure of a considerable amount of manpower and the use of the legal powers of the federal government to curtail the bargaining power of organized labor and busi- ness firms with monopolistic power. Effective controls re- quire as much of a bureaucratic organization as we had during the Second World War. We pay for effective controls in two ways. One is the political upheaval, which is not trivial. And we de- stroy the economy's ability to produce for the purpose of eliminating shortages. The most useful function of prices and markets in the economy is to attract people and resources into producing the goods and services which consumers want. Controls on prices prevent consumer wants from manifesting themselves in higher prices and thus prevent higher prices from attracting producers. Controls curtail the inducement to firms to expand capac- ity. Notice that the one sector where we have had price controls for many years is on public utility rates. We may all be delighted with this, because it means a public agency is ready to prevent our phone bills and our electric bills from going up. But it also means that in the long run the 21 phone company and the electric company have a harder time raising capital to put capacity into place to meet the demands put on their tacilities. We really can't have it both ways. If we want prices controlled so that the cost of hving does not go up, we may have to wait 15 minutes to get a dial tone. There is a common failure to understand that once we break the relation between shortages and prices, we have crippled the incentive and ability of firms to provide the goods that consumers want. This is the basic reason for my distrust of effective price control. And we don't have effective controls today. We have something which is more palatable politically, but perhaps just as damaging to the economy. We have symbolic con- trols. The public has been convinced that there are con- trols, but this belief will erode as prices continue to rise. We have already seen that agricultural prices are uncon- trolled. As a consequence, food prices — particularly meat — have continued to rise. Construction wages are handled separately from other negotiated wages, and they con- tinue to rise, with construction costs following behind. Un- der symbolic controls, union wage bargains become a mat- ter of political power and the strategic location of industries in the fabric of the economy. It will be impossible to deny wage increases to the dock workers, the rail employees, the postal employees. The recent British coal strike is an example of a needless loss of production, because of the unsuccessful attempt to impose wage controls on a power- ful union. At home, the West Coast longshoremen tied up imports for most of the summer, and are likely to go out again because of the Wage Board's refusal to validate their contract with the employers. The dilemma is clear: do we want the ports in operation or must they be closed while a dispute rages between the unions and the Pay Board? In the long run the controls will not be taken seri- ously because inflation will survive controls. No Adminis- tration can accept 5.5 percent unemployment, and demand pressures are being revived to reduce the unemployment. At the moment the public feels the controls are desirable, although dimly aware they are not working. The natural reaction will be to make the controls stronger. The failure of symbolic controls can easily generate political pressure for effective controls. The second aspect of the Nixon program which is open to criticism is its handling of the foreign exchange crisis. Prior to August 15, the United States was in a very good bargaining position with respect to our trading part- ners. They were accumulating dollars and sending us goods. Surely they were hurting from this exchange. We were benefiting from it. But the Administration forgot the lesson of international finance that debtors have more bargaining power than creditors. After August 15, the Administration desperately attempted to negotiate a de- preciation of the dollar relative to other currencies. Now a depreciation of the dollar is a reduction of the U.S. stand- ard of living. For it means that commodities which we im- port from abroad become more expensive. If there is any advantage in trading our goods for foreign goods, the ad- vantage would be greatest when our currency has as high a value as possible. Yet last fall, we observed the ludi- crous specter of the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury run- ning abroad, begging foreign governments to lower the value of the dollar with respect to their own currency. He did so in order to stimulate the sale of our exports. But the foreigners were willing to ship imports to this country without buying our exports. They were willing to ship imports to us solely for dollars. They were irrational. So was he. $ My final and major complaint about the Nixon policy is that I think it is a mistake to fight inflation. I have al- ready indicated that controls are either a political charade or, if effective, a device which will destroy the allocative efficiency of our economy. I have indicated that the only way to stop inflation is through a long expensive reces- sion, a route no one will follow. So let us turn to the gut issue of the last three years, and pose it in the form of a question: what is so bad about inflation? What was so terrible about the business boom of 1968 that a restrictive monetary policy had to be set into motion? We are usually treated to four specific answers to this question, and a fifth emotional answer: inflation is a cruel tax on the aged and the holders of fixed-income se- curities; inflation increases the risks of accumulating capi- tal in the form of various financial instruments; inflation eventually leads to the destruction of the monetary sys- tem, as people search for a stable medium of exchange; and inflation at a faster rate than in other countries leads to continued balance of payments crises. Finally, the emo- tional answer is that inflation is a device for transferring income from the lender to the borrower, from the retired to the employed, from the bondholder to the stockholder, and from the plodder to the speculator. I think these reasons turn out to be unconvincing on closer examination, and in fact provide an agenda for a correct policy. It is true that inflation is a tax on holders of bonds and fixed-income pensions. But individuals learn from ex- perience, and many private pension programs now allow investment in common stock. Moreover a favorite invest- ment for the retired is in real estate, whose value certainly 22 goes up with the price level. Government pensions can be supplemented with a cost-of-living guarantee, so that there is no necessary reason why the pensioner should suffer from inflation. Today's bondholders have also learned the lesson of inflation, and market yields of 8 to 11 percent were com- mon just one year ago. Government should sell a purchas- ing power bond, which would protect the saver against the risks that inflation will wipe out his assets. Private borrowers would then have to offer interest rates in com- petition with this purchasing power bond. This would do much to eliminate the subsidy which inflation has given to the borrower. It is true that inflation leads people to look for a more stable medium of exchange. However, a purchasing power bond as a stable value asset can be accompanied by a pur- chasing power dollar as a unit of account. What a job of educating the accountants we will have to do! Many econ- omists have also proposed that banks be allowed to pay interest on demand deposits. To the extent that antici- pated rates of inflation will be reflected in interest rates, demand deposits will retain their usefulness as money. Finally, it is true that inflation in one country may be incompatible with adherence to a system of fixed ex- change rates. Here the answer is clear: foreign exchange rates should be a decision for foreign central banks. Those who want to trade with us at a fixed rate will set a fixed rate. Those who do not (such as Canada) will allow their rate to float in the free market. What I am suggesting is that our economy can learn to live with inflation. We will then not be subjected to recession as an act of government policy. In the last three years we have paid a high price for a mistaken economic forecast. The number of people put out of work by this mistake is over a million. With continued inflation, the economy will actually function more effectively than at present. Inflation is one way to make the labor market work in an environment where wages are tied up by union contract, custom, legis- lation, and bureaucratic indifference. Real wages will de- cline when markets are in excess supply, to induce work- ers to retrain and shift to areas and occupations where demand and real wages are growing. In a controlled econ- omy these price signals are impossible. With the necessary safeguards, inflation can be en- dured, and full employment again enjoyed. 'Our economy can learn to live with inflation' George Borfs joined the Brown faculty in 1950. This article is based on a recent address to a faculty wives group at the University. 23 Ki-yi-yi 1912, ki-yi-yi 1912, ki-yi-yi 1912' The 1012 class yell TPhe telephone rang in the President's come back to Brown and pledee sub- blended in the effort to break the class The 1012 class yell The telephone rang in the President's office last January. When Mr. Hornig picked up the receiver, he found Max L. Grant at the other end of the line. "I understand that the record for a class gift is 5521,000," Grant said. Being assured that it was, the record having been set a year ago by the Class of 15 years. William E. Sprackling, a former president of Anaconda Wire & Cable Company, was a quarterback at Brown who was one of the nation's few three- time AU-Americans. One of the men credited with popularizing the use of the forward pass, he is now a member of the National Football Hall of Fame. Sprack, along with classmates Nash and Joe Conzelman, was elected to Brown's new Athletic Hall of Fame last fall. Nash and Conzelman both played major league baseball. If the success of its undergraduates is the mark of a class, then 1912 has to rate near the top in Brown annals. Yet, the success that these men achieved was in large measure in spite of, rather than because of, the age in which they lived. Prepared for life in a more relaxed, tranquil period, the men earned their liv- ings and raised their families during two world wars, with a decade-long depres- sion sandwiched in between. The members of today's jet set gen- eration may find it difficult to visualize the world as it existed in 1908, the year these men entered college. To them, that period must seem a million light years away. In terms of today's prob- lems, anxieties, and frustrations, 1908 is just that — a moment in time that bears fioin tlic December, 1908 BAM: Lxcnvation (bottom) for the John Hay Library. 25 almost no resembUincc to the world \vc live in today. "The Age of Confidence" and "The Age of Innocence" were the terms This Fabulous^ Century used to describe the decade 1900-09. "These were the years when America was confident and opti- mistic tc"> an extreme, " the book said. "The people not only hoped for the best, they fully expected it." And why not be confident? Eggs were selling for 12 cents a dozen, sirloin steak for 24 cents a pound, and a full- course turkey dinner could be had for 20 cents. Taxes were minimal and em- ployment was high. The telephone, type- writer, and sewing machine were mak- ing life a bit easier, and the automobile was being accepted as a part of the American scene. To top it off, Teddy Roosevelt, the living embodiment of op- timism, sat in the White House for the better part of the decade. The United States was no utopia in that period. The countrv still faced child labor problems, teeming slums could be found in almost every major city, and there was the financial Panic of 1907 to worry about. But people just naturally assumed that everything was going to come out all right, as it did in the Frank Merriwell stories that could be purchased for a dime at the corner newsstand. In many ways, the 1900-09 period was a golden interlude, a long, comforta- ble moment in the sun before the good \oung days of summer vanished — blown to bits by World War I — and the modern era entered. The country was singing some lovelv tunes in 1^08, including "Shine On Harvest Moon," written and intro- duced by Nora Bayes and Jack Nor- worth, and "Cuddle Up a Little Closer." The FBI was established, Doug Fair- banks and Maude Adams were on the New York stage. Jack Johnson defeated Tommy Burns in Sydney, Australia to win the heavyweight championship, and Arturo Toscanini made his American de- but conducting Aida at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, all in 1908. Orville Wright made another suc- cessful flight in his flying machine, re- maining in the air a full minute and 14 seconds. The Army bought its first air- craft, a dirigible. But since no one could fly it except the inventor, it was never used. And in New York City, an auda- cious young lady was arrested and put in jail for smoking a cigarette in public. Styles, too, were very different the year the men of 1912 entered college, especially women's fashions. The Gibson Girl — named from the drawings of Charles Dana Gibson — was the acme of American womanhood. She was chic. Max Craiit: A phone call to Mr. Hornig set a class goal. haughty, graceful, and pretty. Women were wearing sheath gowns that were slit to the knees, large Merry Widow- style hats that were bedecked with bird wings and other things, and their dainty feet were covered with high-buttoned or laced shoes. When the Class of 1912 arrived on campus, it had one thing in common with its predecessors: it was a rather provincial group. No less than 145 of the 246 students came from New England, with 58 of them being Rhode Islanders. Their first official act as Brown men came on the morning of Sept. 23, 1908 when they attended chapel and heard President Faunce talk about the tempta- tions of college life. "These temptations are real and ob- vious," the president said, "but less than among any other group in the world. Here are libraries; here are the advan- tages of science; here strong, competent scholars offer guidance and inspiration. If a man cannot lead a clean, straight life here, he cannot lead it anywhere." The Providence Journal and the Broun; Daily Herald got into a mild squabble before college was a week old. According to the lonrnal, freshmen were buying extra strong locks for their doors to prevent their being dragged out of bed "at an unseemly hour and made to pa- rade in humiliating fashion to the college pump." The BDH contended that the trip to the pump, located east of Hope Col- lege, "was not as a measure of humilia- tion and disgrace but rather a medical attention calculated to relieve the disease of enlarged craniums so prevalent among members of the entering class." The statue of Marcus Aurelius had been installed on the Lower Campus just a month before the freshmen arrived, and construction was about to start on the John Hay Library. The two buildings on the corner of Prospect and College Streets — the old President's House and the Bowen House — were removed to make way for the library. The mahogany banister from the President's House was made into canes and gavels and sold for souvenirs. The BDH bemoaned many things that fall. One story complained that the "finest and oldest of our traditions, that of touching one's hat to the professor one passes on campus is in danger of complete extinction." The paper also showed annoyance that only 17 students signed up for reserved seats for the home football game with Lafayette. Put- 26 ting the blame on the increase in ticket price from 25 to 50 cents, the writer said; "The man who stays away from that game will either be pretty hard up finan- cially or else be a pretty poor sort of Brunonian, we think." University Hall and Hope College were used as dorms in 1908. In each building the toilets were located in the basement, a fact which drew a number of complaints from the occupants, espe- cially those residing on the fourth floors. Neither building was supplied with hot water or electricity. The BDH commented on this situation wryly: "Colonial sim- plicity is not always delightful." Chapel sessions were held six days a week, usually at 9 a.m., and President Faunce was a frequent speaker. One of his favorite themes was physical fitness. "With such a fine swimming pool as we have in Lyman Gym," he told the freshmen, "everyone ought to learn to swim, not only for his own pleasure dur- ing his four years here but also for his personal safety through life. Sleep is also important," Dr. Faunce cautioned. "If any man is disturbed by pianos or other obnoxious sounds he should see the head of the dormitory and make a complaint." Class Agent Ken Tanner recalls an- other talk that Dr. Faunce liked to give at Chapel: "He'd suggest the value of constant exercise during the winter months, especially handball. Then he'd say, 'If you can't play at that game, you can always throw open a window and do a stationary run.' "We could count on that talk once a year," Tanner adds. "And Dr. Faunce would always jump up and down on the podium, with the long sleeves of his academic gown flying back and forth, as he showed his audience precisely how a stationary run should be made." Tanner was among the many mem- bers of his class who did a bit of pleas- ant reminiscing about their college days this spring as the 60th Reunion ap- proached. Some put their thoughts in writing, while others did their reminiscing through personal interviews. "It's funny how things come back to you, things you haven't thought about in years," said Ed Singsen, speaking slowly and with a twinkle in his eyes. "I remember that the old Central Hotel, located where the School of Design audi- torium is now, was a popular spot for the college crowd on Sundays. At that time, you could drink in public on the Sabbath only if you also ordered food, and the Central Hotel had a Sunday meal permit. Fortunately, the law didn't say that you had to eat the food. "The management of the hotel knew that when the college boys came in Sun- day afternoon they wanted a beer, not food, and so they played along with the game. You'd order a beer and out it would come, along with a rather sickly looking sandwich. When you finished your drink, the waiter would take the un- touched sandwich and serve it to the next customer. On a given Sunday, one sandwich might have been served 25 or 30 times without anyone taking a nibble. "Another gathering place for the Brown students for many years was the Senate Cafe in the old Bannigan Build- ing, now the AMICA Company on Wey- bosset Street. Legend has it that John D. Rockefeller, Jr., '97 took some classmates there one day for a beer. The friends thought that they were being treated until John D. carefully placed a dime on the table to cover his two drinks and reached for his hat." Providence was a big theater town then, with the Opera House, Keith's, Empire, Imperial, and Westminster all doing brisk business. Keith's was a vau- deville house while the Westminster, known as "The Sink," was a burlesque palace. The 82-year-old Singsen has a vivid memory of the day he slipped At Philadelphia's Franklin field in 1911: Wiley Marble carries the ball against Penn, as a bare-headed Bill Sprackling watches. 27 quietly do\N'n town and dug deep into his pocket for a ticket to a particularly good attraction at The Sink. "My father \vas a minister trying to put two sons through college on a very modest income. By chance, he happened to be walking along Westminster Street at the time I was standing in line to buy a ticket. During dinner that evening he looked at me sternly and said, 'Is attend- ance at the Westminster Theater part of the academic tradition at Brown?' " Joseph D. Guillemette, the current class president, remembers Mac the barber, a happy-go-lucky Irishman who had his shop in the Brown Union, now Faunce House. Haircuts were 25 cents, with no tipping allowed. And there was Cap Cameron, the campus cop. A stocky man, about 5-8, he was the entire secu- Orie of the important socitil creiifs of the 1911-12 year zens the Gymbnll. GYM BALL rity force at Brown, according to Guille- mette. About the toughest job he had was to chase "the girls" off the campus every once in a while. President Guille- mette hastens to add that these girls were, of course, not Pembrokers. "A great deal of the social life cen- tered around the fraternities," says Roy Burroughs. "The college dances were very special in those days. The first thing an undergraduate did was get his date a room at the Narragansett Hotel, and the second thing was to rent or borrow the proper attire for the dance. The men would always wear top hat, white tie, and tails." The way one dressed was considered very important. Burroughs' wife, Mar- jorie Wood Burroughs '11, recalls that the Pembrokers were told by their dean to be "fully dressed" when going over to Brown. There was even a class song at Pembroke that ended, "Don't forget your gloves and hat; always do remember that." One of Alan Slade's most vivid col- lege memories is of Brown's first victory over Yale, a 21-0 decision engineered at the Bowl by Bill Sprackling in 1910. The Bruin quarterback gained 456 yards pass- ing and running, kicked three field goals, and threw a 45-yard touchdown pass in one of Brown's greatest football victories of all time. "When Sprack tossed that long touchdown pass to Russ McKay to wrap up the game, I let out a war whoop and did a little Indian dance," says Slade. "In the process I brought my hands down hard — unfortunately smashing the derby of the man seated in front of me, Andy Comstock '10. I still remember passing a downcast Yale rooter on the way out of the Bowl and hearing him say, 'My God, Sprackling 21, Yale 0.' " Orrin Ferry "saw" that game from a different vantage point. He and several hundred others were gathered in the Brown Union to follow the game on a large chart, with play-by-play reports from New Haven supplied by wire. "Dean Meiklejohn, who was a great football fan, was next to me," Ferry says, "standing on a cane-seated chair in order to get a good view of the chart. When Sprack completed that touchdown pass, the good dean took to jumping up and down. Eventually he went right through the seat of the chair. The unfortunate part \vas that because of the uproar, no one noticed Dean Meiklcjohn's predicament for quite a while." 28 There was a tradition at Brown then that when major athletic victories were recorded, a large rally and bonfire would follow on Lincoln Field, now the Lower Campus. The fires burned long and bright after the Yale victory. Ken Tanner remembers the "rip-snorting" speech that Prof. Courtney Langdon gave that night: "The students sat on the circular bank just below Marcus Aurelius watch- ing the bonfire and listening to the talks by the players and coaches. But the high- light of this celebration, and others of its kind in my day, was the appearance of the elegant Professor Langdon. He cut quite a figure. I can still see him standing there the night of the Yale victory, out- lined by the flames, one arm held high in the air, giving a talk that was both humorous and spirited." The one thing that keeps coming through whenever the 1912 graduates talk about their college days is the deep respect these men had for the members of the faculty. The Rev. Frederick Bur- gess speaks to this point. "There were giants of the earth on the faculty in those days, men such as Professors Manatt and Allinson, steeped in the culture and language of ancient Greece; Prof. Johnnie Greene, with his ruddy complexion, charming personality, and ability to inspire his students in the love of the Latin language; and Tom Crosby, whose light touch made his course on public speaking one of the most popular on the campus. The liberal arts program taught by these men, and others, has been an asset in every avenue of my life." Ken Tanner recalls a course with Professor Everett on the philosophy of religion. "Before we started. Dr. Everett cleared his throat and addressed the class. 'I want to warn you gentlemen,' he said, 'that my lectures may ruin any re- ligious faith you came in here with. If any of you wish to withdraw, you may.' As I remember, a few did get up and leave." Each alumnus, of course, has his own favorites, his own memories. Jerry Donovan speaks with feeling of the effect certain professors had on his life. "Brown," he said, "gave me the con- tacts with Dean Meiklejohn, Lindsay Todd Damon, Johnnie Greene, Tom Crosby, Bronson, Von Klenze (nick- named Dutch Cleanser), Gardner, Coach Robinson, and others. These men taught me that the combination of gentleman and scholar was something worth trying for." Frequently there are lessons to be learned at college that can't be taught by the professors. W. Randolph Burgess speaks of the time four classmates tried out for the Broivn Daily Herald in the winter of 1908-09. "Dan Brown, Dana Munro, Robert Dexter, and I were the candidates," Burgess says. "And the competition was really stiff. As an example, one of the jobs was reading proof at 6 a.m. in a cold hall, sitting on a packing case at the printer's. For a perfect job — no mistakes — the award was 25 points in the com- petition. For each mistake, five points were deducted. Five mistakes meant zero points. Ten mistakes meant minus 25. "One of us got that minus 25 one sleepy morning. I remember with tri- umph that I once made 25 points. We wound up with Ralph Hurlin, who joined the competition later, as editor-in-chief, Dan Brown and I as joint managing edi- tors, and Chub Buzzell as business man- ager. But we also wound up with some- thing else — a grade A lesson in self-dis- cipline." There must have been many lessons learned by the members of the Class of 1912, as well as pleasant memories acquired. The group became one of Brown's most active classes upon gradu- ation and its efforts haven't lessened down through the years. Yet, the current campaign to break the class gift record could be one of 1912's brightest mo- ments. After all, how many classes out of college 60 years can follow through on a program that could bring page one head- lines in the Providence Journal? J.B. Ed Singsen relaxes by the ocean at his Little Compton home where he will be host to his classmates in June. 29 Brown Books Edited by Barton L. St. Armand '65 Edwin Honig: A lively curiosity about things Iberian' Life Is a Dream A play by Pedro Calderon de la Barca, translated and with a foreword and intro- duction by Edwin Honig. .•\ Mermaid Dramabook. New York: Hill and Wang. Professor Edwin Honig has for many years combined with his activities as poet, dramatist, teacher of nascent writ- ers, and critic of English and American hterature a lively curiosity about things Hispanic — or better, Iberian, since he has recently annexed the Portuguese poet, Fernando Pessoa, to his literary domain. From the beginning he has sought to bring Hispanic poets and dramatists within reach of American readers both through perceptive critiques and through translations designed to make them speak to contemporary American sensi- bihties. His study of Garcia Lorca, the first on this poet to appear in English (1944), was already interspersed with sensitive versions of poems not only by Lorca but by his predecessors and contemporaries, so that it constituted in effect a stimulat- ing apercu of the poetic traditions of Spain. Twenty years later he brought to Ufe in English the interludes of Cer- vantes, eight minor masterpieces too much neglected outside of Spain. Two of these engaging skits were subsequently staged with much spirit by the Brown Theater Workshop. Professor Honig in- troduced his volume with an illuminating account of the dynamics of Cervantes' dialogue and techniques of characteriza- tion. Between Lorca and Cervantes, Cal- deron had attracted Professor Honig's at- tention. In 1961 he brought out four of this 17th-century dramatist's plays in English versions which, at one stroke, made his dramatic verse both readable and capable of holding 20th-century stage. Eschewing on the one hand the stilted and antiquated diction with which translations, particularly of classic for- eign plays, have so often been afflicted, and, on the other, the mirage of making the reader forget he is reading a transla- tion at all. Professor Honig sought to capture what he called in his introduc- tion "the strange raw flavor" of the orig- inal, to "reflect the essential poetry of Calderon's language as well as stick to its prose sense." His translations, instinct with 20th- century cadences, speech rhythms and diction, yet never moving too far from the sense of the original, call seriously into question the old saw that transla- tions, like women, cannot be at once faithful and beautiful. Their suitability to the modern stage was strikingly dem- onstrated when the Institute for the Ad- vanced Study of the Theater Arts, now regrettably inactive, staged a memorable production of Calderon's comedy. The Phantom Lady, off Broadway with a Spanish director and American players. Not included in the earlier volume was Life Is a Dream, Calderon's best known play and one of his most perplex- ing. The fresh translation by Professor Honig in which it has now appeared again enlivens a classic text without be- traying it. The surface rigidities of Cal- deron's style, which in earlier translations too often concealed the vital energies underneath, are here relaxed; the hieratic postures of his characters, loosened up. His conventionally formulaic imagery is varied; the rhetorical strata into which his expression falls becomes less restric- tive. This new flexibility allows the modern reader to sense the play's dra- matic power more surely. The intelligent direction of Professor John Emigh, him- self a connoisseur of Calderon, together with guidance from Professor Honig, made it possible for the Brown commu- nity to feel the play's impact when it was produced by Sock and Buskin last October. Although the present reviewer has twice witnessed performances in the original — including an electrifying one in Paris six years ago with the brilliant exiled Spanish actor, Fernando Arrabal, as director and in the leading role — the familiar lines, in Professor Honig's re- markable blend of old and new, came across more stirringly than ever before. Perhaps one may see proof in this that even the specialist in a foreign lan- guage and literature needs to touch home base from time to time, to refresh his vision of the world in which he habitu- ally stalks by reaffirming his outsider's perspective and reasserting his roots in his native soil. If this argument for the viability of translation as a way of see- ing anew holds for the specialist, it does so all the more for the non-specialized student who may be seeing for the first time. It is, in other words, a justification for the increasing place being given to literary translation as a critical and crea- tive process and to literary translations as imaginative recastings of foreign works in our university curricula today. The study of literature is essentially a training in perception. Translation has the advantage of adding a uniquely com- parative dimension to this process, one which will both widen horizons and re- veal in a new light familiar surroundings, even to persons not conversant with the language of the original. Thanks to Pro- fessor Honig's initiative, literary transla- tion is now the subject of courses in the comparative literature curriculum at Brown and of a growing number of theses and independent study projects. Professor Honig's achievement as translator of Life Is a Dream is balanced by the thoughtful, cogent, and keen cri- tique of Calderon's accomplishment in the play which introduces the present volume. (There is also a lively verse pro- logue by the translator and a well-chosen list of additional readings for the in- terested student.) Avoiding technicalities but evading no significant problem of interpretation. Professor Honig provides a view of the play which, while drawing on the large corpus of existing criticism, is clearly the fruit of a close personal contact with the text — of a pursuit of meaning, tone, and implication such as the experience of translation ideally af- fords. He sees the play as a metaphysical drama in which characters "essential- ized" but not dehumanized an action that carries a bewilderingly rich overlay of symbolic and mythic accretions. He sees as its theme "the triumph of conscious- ness in experience" and as its core a dreamlike sequence of events in which the central character, the disinherited 30 prince Segismundo, figures first as sub- ject and victim and ultimately as agent and master, thanks to a painful and sometimes violent acquisition of moral awareness which brings him to a full realization at once of his humanity and of his kingship. In this process all the other char- acters play parts carefully worked out by Calderon, and it is with their evolving relationships to Segismundo, and inci- dentally to one another, that Professor Honig is principally concerned. His anal- ysis stresses violence in the life of indi- viduals and of society, generational con- flict, abuse of authority by parents and by rulers, responsible and irresponsible sexual behavior, genuine and false honor: concepts with a strangely modern yet strangely timeless sound. It thus brings out some of the sources of the play's enduring fascination. His unlabored yet incisive exposi- tory manner leads one along so easily that one is sometimes surprised at where one fetches up: at totem sacrifices and incest taboos, for example. Yet such seemingly extreme readings of develop- ments in the play are never arbitrary: they fit into a broader network of inter- pretation which takes in the total pro- duction of the author. And they face up to some of the perplexities which the play demonstrably caused its student in- terpreters: the seemingly gratuitous mur- der by the Prince of an annoying but blameless servant; and, in Professor Honig's words, the "unconscious vibra- tions of attraction and repulsion marking Segismundo's encounters with Rosaura," the female figure who serves to focus and to spur his progress toward humane man- hood, yet whom he must ultimately re- nounce. Encompassing such strains in the play is Calderon's concern with the ulti- mate nature of all human experience: real or illusory, actuality or dream? Criti- cal attention up until recently has pre- ferred to concentrate on this aspect of the play. Professor Honig is content to do obeisance and pass on. His interest in this metaphysical drama is surprisingly and convincingly this-worldly; he per- suasively reaffirms the essential human- ity, the moral breath, and the psycholog- ical reach of Calderon. No more than Shakespeare's adherence to life is invali- dated by Prospero's: We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep. do Segismundo's words (not so many years later): for all of life's a dream, and dreams themselves are only part of dreaming, forfeit man's need to assert himself and act. Professor Honig's Calderon in mod- ern dress carries a meaning our age can well hearken to, a meaning, nonetheless, that was there from the start. ALAN S. TRUEBLOOD The writer is chairman of the Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies at Brown. Selected Poems hy Vernando Pessoa Translated by Edwin Honig The Swallow Press, Chicago, 1971. With this new bilingual edition, Edwin Honig introduces to the American public a poet it should already know. As often happens with small underdevel- oped countries, Portugal has rapidly be- come a mecca for tourism while its cul- ture remains virtually unknown beyond its borders. Yet there is much there that is worth knowing, not least of all the poems of Fernando Pessoa. Fernando Pessoa is doubly attrac- tive; he is not only a major 20th-century poet but an intriguing psychological specimen as well. Pessoa was born in Lisbon in 1888 and died there in 1935. As a child he was taken to Durban, South Africa, to be educated in the British tradition while his stepfather served as Portuguese consul. By all evidence he was an excellent student and his literary inter- ests — both as reader and as writer — soon made themselves apparent. While still in high school he began his writing career in English: first an essay on Macauley and then poetry. It was only when he returned to Portugal in late adolescence that he picked up his native language again; yet his Portuguese works suffer little from this late start. When he does begin to write in Portuguese, it is with a focus that turns inward. Pessoa was a compulsive writer and the results are clearly an extension of himself. In the poems we find all the tedium, the anxiety and pain brought on by his futile efforts to define and deter- mine his own identity. Pessoa's frustra- tion has another consequence: what Honig has aptly labeled his "heteronymic schizophrenia." While one facet of the poet's psyche struggles in vain with the absurdity of human existence, other facets seek out workable philosophic solutions; the result is a fragmentation of the self revealed poetically in three distinct personae: Albert Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Alvaro de Campos, each his own biography, metaphysical stance, and poetic style. The new reader of Pessoa will find samples of all four literary identities in Honig's book along with an introductory essay by the Mexican poet Octavio Paz. The selection of poems is a good one, clearly representative of each voice, and the translations are equally as good. Honig's translations are among the most successful ones that have been exe- cuted to date. In each case, he remains true to the original and renders effec- tively the peculiar idiom of each het- eronym. Only in a few of the poems written by Pessoa under his own name is the translation a free one, but even here the alteration is minimal and, in any case, clearly intentional. In an essay published several years ago in Encounter, George Steiner states: . . . translation is noLonly a liv- ing spark, a flow of energy between past and present and between cultures (immersion, so far as we may experi- ence it, in another language being as close as we can come to a second self, to breaking free of the habitual skin or tortoise-shell of our consciousness); poetic translation plays a unique role inside the translator's own speech. It drives inward. Anyone translating a poem, or attempting to, is brought face to face, as by no other exercise, with the genius, bone-structure and limita- tions of his native tongue. A poet in his own right, Honig has met the challenge well, immersing him- self as far as possible in the other poet's consciousness and molding his own lan- guage to fit the other's needs. One hopes that his work will serve as a stimulus for more of the same; Pessoa is far from being the only contemporary Portuguese poet or novelist who merits our attention. ALICE R. CLEMENTE '56 The writer, who received a Ph.D. from Broiun in 1967, is associate professor of Hispanic studies at Smith College. 31 The sports scene Bill Livesey's legacy: An improved baseball team Late last spring the baseball team was making rapid strides toward a ninth place finish in the EIBL. The final weeks of the campaign would have been strictly ho-hum if it hadn't been for the eye- opening performance of Bob Lucas, a 6-2, 210-poimd sophomore from Levit- town, N.Y. After a slow start, Lucas finished strong, with a 2-0 victory over Penn and a 2-0 one-hitter against Providence. Fin- ishing with a 3.05 earned run average, Lucas struck out 59 men in 65 innings, mainly with a fast ball that he kept down around the knees. During the summer, Lucas pitched for his college coach. Bill Livesey, at Fal- mouth in the strong Cape Cod League. When he reported for practice he was virtually unknown, except to his coach and his girl friend. Three months later, Lucas was the talk of every manager in the league, the players and fans, and a host of major league scouts. Here is the kind of season the burly right-hander had. Falmouth needed a victory in its final game to clinch the league's regular-season championship. Lucas hurled the key game, allowed only two hits, struck out 16, and won the game and championship for his team, 1-0. In the playoffs that followed, Lucas clinched the semi-finals for Falmouth by hurling a 2-1 victory while striking out 15 with that fast ball. He came back four days later to win the championship game, 1-0, this time fanning 16 batters. When Livesey resigned as baseball coach to accept a position in Florida, he made one thing clear: the good-byes with Lucas would be difficult. "I have to admit that I won't miss those cold, damp New England springs," Livesey said. "But I sure will miss the sound of Big Luke's fast ball smacking into the catcher's mitt." Scouts from a number of big league clubs started following Lucas closely during the Cape Cod League season, and in the early going this spring the right- hander did nothing to make the bird dogs regret their time and effort. In his first four starts, Lucas had four complete games and a 4-0 record. He shut out Louisville, 6-0, and later blanked Navy, 1-0, in the opening game of the EIBL season. The record showed 30 strike outs, nine walks, and a 1.20 ERA. Lucas had ample pitching support from Don Huot, a crafty sophomore southpaw, as the varsity won seven of 11 games on the southern swing before opposing Navy. A gutty competitor with a wide assortment of breaking stuff, Huot was 4-0 with last season's success- ful Cubs and ended with a 0.77 ERA. A native of Manchester, N.H., Huot took his local American Legion team to the finals of the national championships in 1969. Huot won his first three varsity starts this spring, including a 2-1 four- hitter against Louisville. First-year coach George "Woody" Woodworth saw enough on the southern trip to convince him that Brown will have a good ball club this spring. If he can find one more reliable hurler to back up Lucas and Huot, the former Dartmouth Bob Lucas: A 5-0 record so far. baseball captain might find himself with a contender in his first year at the helm. If nothing else, Woodworth can claim the youngest team in the EIBL. Of the 20 men making the southern trip, 13 were sophomores. There were also five juniors and two seniors. A year ago these sophomores were responsible for a 12-2 freshman record, and they wasted no time showing that they were ready for varsity competition. Against Purdue, Ted Schoff belted a grand slam to pull out the victory, and in the second game of the twin bill, with Murray State providing the opposition, Marshall Luther drove in three runs with a pair of homers. Two other sophomores played a prominent role in the same game. Rod Dolan was 3 for 4 with three runs batted in and Ken Davison had a double and triple and three RBI's. If Coach Woodworth needed addi- tional assurance that these sophomores were ready for varsity play, he received it the next day against Memphis State. Vin Yakavonis, making his first appear- ance of the season, cracked two home runs, one a grand slam. Mike Gittler temporarily raised his batting average to .500 (10 for 20) with three hits, and Dave Ellsworth hurled a seven-hitter. Normally sophomores look to some- one to provide field leadership, and Capt. Bob Wieck has provided it. An All- League choice during his sophomore year when he set a modern Brown record for home runs in a single season, the smooth-fielding second baseman leads the club by example as well as seniority. D Coach Cliff Stevenson's lacrosse team, seventh nationally a year ago, won four of its first six games. However, unless the team can come up with a stronger scoring punch as the season progresses, it may have difficulty re- taining its high ranking. The Bruins played well against top- ranked Maryland, losing 9-6, and trailed fourth-ranked Johns Hopkins 7-4 at the end of three periods before bowing, 11-4. In its first Ivy game, the stickmen defeated Yale, 8-5, with Co-Capt. Bill Kavan the big star. A second team All- American choice a year ago, the 6-2, 210-pound Kavan shut out Tim Fagan, Yale's Ail-American attackman, for the second straight season. Junior Steve Russo led the team in 32 scoring after six games with eight goals and four assists for 12 points, as he at- tempted to pick up the scoring slack left by the graduation of AU-American Bob Scalise and the departure from school of Kevin Cleary. Russo had his best day in the 11-4 victory over Baltimore, picking up seven points on four goals and three assists. n With hopes high for a successful season. Coach Vic Michalson took five crews to Boston and swept the river against Boston University. The varsity boat, formed mainly by a rugged group of juniors who won a national champion- ship as freshmen, posted a surprisingly easy victory over a promising B.U. boat, crossing the line a length and a half in front. The freshman and junior varsity boats also won with plenty of water to spare. Coach Michalson was having some problems with numbers early this spring. A year ago, he had enough men on his varsity squad to fill four boats and have a few left over. These men gave Brown a ]V championship at Worcester, a fourth place in the IRA's at Syracuse, and a berth in the eight-oared finals of the Pan American trials. Four of these men were seniors, two in the varsity boat and two with the jayvees. Michalson also lost a junior oarsman with a back injury and six other men with at least a year's varsity experience who decided not to row. This attrition left Michalson with 22 oars- men, half of them juniors. "We're going through the same thing that is happening at other colleges in our league," Michalson says. "There isn't the glamour in crew to attract large turnouts today. Then, too, the sport is grueling and time consuming. By the time the season opened, we had rowed some 300 miles on the Seekonk, much of it in cold, blustery weather, put in count- less hours in the tank, done miles of run- ning, and sweated through body-build- ing exercises. "Perhaps last year was a freak as far as numbers were concerned. When the freshmen captured the nationals the year before, they excited a lot of people who wanted to be part of a winner. This year we're back to normal, but I think we will have a representative varsity boat, maybe even a bit better than that." D The golf team added an interna- tional flavor to the spring sports sched- ule by accepting an invitation to partici- pate in the St. Andrews Golf Tourna- ment in Scotland. Squired across the ocean by interim coach Rich Sardella, Brown's ticket man- ager, the team finished 13th in a field of 25. Tyler Chase '73, who is just as effec- tive with a five-iron as he is with his field goal kicking in the fall, was sev- enth among the 132 players who com- peted. n Doug Price set two new Brown records as the track team opened its sea- son with a 91-63 victory over Holy Cross in the first meet run on Brown's new all- weather track. The burly Bruin senior tossed the shot 58 feet, one-half inch to break his own outdoor mark of 57-9 set last spring. He also tossed the discus 160-9 to break that Brown record by six inches. Jim Rudasill, a freshman sprinter who looked good during the indoor sea- son, took the 100 and 220 against the Cross and anchored the victorious 440- relay team. Junior Bruce Miller also had a double in the high jump and javelin. Earlier in the spring. Price had cap- tured the shot with a heave of 57-4 as Coach Ivan Fuqua's Bruins competed in the Florida Relays. Miller set a Brown record in the decathlon by finishing with a total of 6,378 points while placing eighth among 23 entries. The 1972 football schedule: Opening with Holy Cross There's been a major change in the 1972 football schedule recently released by Athletic Director Andy Geiger Brown will open its season with Holy Cross at Providence on Sept. 23 in the resump- tion of a rivalry that had its beginnings in 1898, flourished in the 1930's, and died after the 1953 season. The opener with the Crusaders comes a week earlier than had been ex- pected. Traditionally Brown opens its season with the University of Rhode Island and had been expected to do so again this year on Sept. 30. A scheduling error forced the shift. Originally, Brown was slated to meet Holy Cross in Providence on Oct. 28, which now becomes an open date on the schedule. With the revision. Brown will play its first three games in Provi- dence, meeting Holy Cross, URI, and Pennsylvania. The last meeting between Brown and Holy Cross was in 1953 when an underdog Bear eleven upset the Crusad- ers, 6-0, on an 83-yard run by Bill Klaess with a fumble recovery. In the 74-year- old series, each team has 14 victories with two ties. Holy Cross will be replacing Col- gate, a team that had been on the Brown schedule since 1908. The Brown-Colgate rivalry was a good one and featured some great games, especially in the 1920's and early 1930's when both teams ranked among the nation's best. There were 51 games played in the long series, with Colgate enjoying a 25-19-7 edge. The 1972 schedule, with games at home unless otherwise indicated: Sept. 23— Holy Cross. Sept. 30— URI. Oct. 7 — Penn. Oct. 14— at Yale. Oct. 21— at Dartmouth. Oct. 28 — Open. Nov. 4 — Princeton. Nov. 11 — Cornell. Nov. 18 — at Harvard. Nov. 25 — at Columbia. The Arnie Berman story (continued) where do you draw the line when writing about Arnie Berman? A feature article in the February issue of the BAM attempted to sum up the career of this 6-7, 220-pound senior basketball star. There for all to see, his various exploits were pulled together and put on record. But, by the time the March issue of the BAM was ready to go to press, the story had to be updated. There were ad- ditions to the Berman saga — items such as the fact that he had set 12 Brown and two Ivy League scoring records and that in his final season he had led the league in free-throw percentage and rebounding and had finished a close second in scor- ing and shooting percentage. Now it's April — time for baseball, lacrosse, and the rest of the spring sports to take over the spotlight. The only hitch in the Rhode Island area is that Arnie Berman won't give up the head- lines. Late last month it was announced that Berman had led all scorers in New England with a 25.3 per-game average. Shortly after that, the Buffalo (N.Y.) native was voted by the coaches as the University Division basketball player of the year in New England. No Brown player had previously received this award. In addition to heading up the All- New England team, Berman was named All-Ivy, All-East, and honorable men- 33 tion All-American. The All-Ivy squad is picked by the coaches, and Herman was one of three men this spring who were unanimous choices (Penns Corky Cal- houn and Princeton's Brian Taylor were the others). Early in April, when the statisticians got through \vith their calculations, it was reported that Berman had added three New England records to go with his 12 Brown and two Ivy League marks. He had set new records for the New England area in most free throws for game, season, and career. The all-time leader for free throws in a season had been Tommy Heinsohn, formerly of Holy Cross and currently coach of the Boston Celtics. But the real big news didn't break until April 11. On that day there were two stories involving Brown's all-time scoring leader. Walter Byers, executive director of the National Collegiate Athletic Associa- tion, announced that Berman is one of 15 recipients nationally of NCAA $1,000 postgraduate fellowships. Initiated in 1964, the NCAA scholarship program is designed to honor those who excel in academics and athletics. An honor stu- dent majoring in American Civilization, Berman's case was presented to the NCAA by Dr. Richard A. Parker, for- mer chairman of the Department of Egyptology. Later the same day, Berman re- ceived a phone call from Coach Gerry Alaimo informing him that Buffalo of the National Basketball Association had drafted him in the fifth round. He is the first Bruin basketball player to be drafted by the pros since Frank "Moe" Mahoney '50 played with the Boston Celtics for two years in the early 1950's. Although Berman was also drafted by the Miami Floridians of the ABA, he leans a bit toward the NBA offer. Among his reasons is the fact that if he made the Buffalo club he would be playing in his home town. "Life for me has been a series of challenges, both athletically and aca- demically," Berman says. "Trying to make that squad will be just more of the same. "Buffalo drafted two good front line men in Bob McAdoo of North Carolina and Bob Morse of Penn. But I've com- peted against good men before and I think I have the tools to make the club." On the horizon for Berman is law school and then a career in politics. But all that will have to wait until he takes care of his current challenge with the pros. A fencing team at Brown? One professor hopes so Brown University doesn't have a fencing team and Duncan Smith, associ- ate professor of German, would like to see some steps taken to remedy the situation. Smith, who has his M.A. and Ph.D. from Brown, has done some fencing in the past and wanted to keep his hand in at the sport while at Brown, His first steps led him to Pembroke. "I knew that there were some foils and other equipment at Pembroke," he says. "So, I asked if in this day of wom- en's lib a male graduate student could borrow some of this equipment. The an- swer was yes, and come again. "This fall we made an all-out effort to organize the sport on a club basis. We put on a big drive and got 18 people to report. The group worked out every day from 4 to 6 p.m., at Lyman Gym and by November we were down to eight men. Fencing is a very demanding and diffi- cult sport." The eight regulars disciplined them- selves to work out for two hours each day right through the winter and early spring. Professor Smith, who was able to teach foil fencing, received some sup- port from a special student. Chuck Dillon, who had been the number one saber fencer at the University of Detroit. The year went by with no money, very little equipment, and not too much hope for the future. But if nothing else. Professor Smith does have a timetable. He'd like to see fencing on a competitive club basis next fall and on a varsity basis in three or four years. "Brown is one of the few Ivy League colleges that doesn't have varsity fenc- ing," Professor Smith says. "Much of what an athlete remembers 25 years after graduation results from active com- petition, the joy of victory and anguish of defeat, the bus trips, and things of this sort. And varsity competition also gives you that extra motivation to do your best. "Between Marvel Gym, Sayles Hall, and the old Bryant Campus, we have the needed space at Brown for fencing. Whether or not we can get the budget at this time is something else again." Spring Scoreboard (Mar. 22 to Apr. 21) Baseball Varsity (SS) Brown 8, North Dakota 3 Brown 3, Murray State 2 Murray State 5, Brown 2 Purdue 3, Brown Purdue 6, Brown Brown 8, Purdue 4 Brown 11, Murray State 6 Brown 11, Memphis State 2 Memphis State 4, Brown 3 Brown 6, Louisville Brown 2, Louisville 1 Brown 1, Navy Holy Cross 4, Brown 3 Lacrosse Varsity (5-2) Brown 5, Adelphi 3 Maryland 9, Brown 6 Brown 11, Baltimore 4 Johns Hopkins 11, Brown 4 Brown 8, Yale 5 Brozvn 10, C. W. Post 3 Brown 10, Dartmouth 7 Freshman (3-1) Farmingdale 11, Brown 8 Brown 7, Yale 6 Brown 13, Harvard 8 Brown 12, Dartmouth 3 Crew Varsity (2-0) Brown 6:45, B.U. 6:51, Williams 7:15 Junior Varsity (2-0) Brown 6:56, B.U. 7:15, Williams 8:06 Freshman (1-0) Brown 6:47.2, B.U. 7:06.2 Track Varsity (1-0) Brown 91, Holy Cross 63 Golf Varsity (4-2) Brown 15, MIT 7 Holy Cross 13, Brown 9 Brown 402, Yale 408, Holy Cross 410 URI 393, Brown 400, P.C. 403 Tennis Varsity (0-3) Navy 7, Brown 2 Penn 8, Brown 1 Dartmouth 5, Brown 4 34 On the Sidelines Written by Jay Barry Not following the Joneses A severe snowstorm that hit the upstate community of Ithaca, N.Y., in mid-February set in motion a series of moves that could have a disastrous ef- fect on Ivy League football. Because of the storm. Athletic Di- rector Bob Kane of Cornell wasn't able to make it to the annual meeting of the ECAC in New York City. And because Kane wasn't there to cast his "no" vote, the proposal to allow freshmen to play varsity football passed, 22-21. A tie would have defeated the proposal. An earlier move to grant eligibility to freshmen in basketball passed easily, 33-20. Freshmen are now eligible for every sport within the ECAC, hockey having been approved last September. The rub is that the Ivy League, which will continue to refuse to allow freshmen to compete in such sports as football, basketball, hockey, soccer, la- crosse, and baseball, now finds itself at a disadvantage in the great recruiting game. The blue chip football player, for example. — the kid who can really make a program go — is probably, by nature, the type of boy who will want to play a full four years of varsity ball. "The Ivies will perhaps be the last eight schools not allowing freshmen to compete," says Athletic Director Andy Geiger. "This will place an added bur- den on the coaches, both in recruiting and in meeting the competition of a bas- ketball and hockey schedule that will include 12 or 14 games outside the League." Geiger emphasized that the decision on freshman eligibility is set by the Ivy League presidents and carried out by the athletic directors. He also voiced the reason for the strong Ivy League stand: the feeling that the transition a college freshman has to make — academically, athletically, and socially — is difficult enough without exposing a boy to the time demands and pressures of a highly competitive varsity sport. "The freshman year at college is arduous for young people," Geiger says. "I'm concerned that because of the cur- rent financial pinch in college athletics we're changing rules that were set up for academic reasons." Regardless of the ECAC action, the Ivy League will continue to make its own decisions on these matters. That the League will be hurt by the new edict goes without saying. Only the degree of hurt is still up for grabs. "I only hope," Geiger adds, "that we will not be forced to sacrifice sound educational principles in order to remain athletically competitive." The rubber chicken circuit What would athletic banquets be without awards, and what would awards be without athletic banquets as a vehicle for their dispersement? At any rate, this is the season for athletic banquets (is there ever an off- season?), and Brown's Arnie Berman has done very well collecting the silver- ware. The man who established 12 Brown basketball records in his senior season received two awards at the annual Broomhead winter sports dinner held at Carr's. He became the first Brown ath- lete to receive an ECAC medal of merit for scholastic and athletic excellence, and he was also given the J. Richmond Fales Basketball Trophy as the man who contributed the most to the team. There were two other awards pre- sented at the March 13 banquet. Bill Kolkmeyer, captain of the basketball team, received the Fritz Finkler Memorial Award as the senior who, by giving un- selfishly of his time, effort, and energy, has made an outstanding contribution to athletics at Brown. And Bill Coakley, hockey captain, received the Class of 1936 Award as the undergraduate who, through performance, sportsmanship, and influence, contributed most to the sport at Brown. Earlier in the day, at the final weekly basketball luncheon, Berman was voted the top performer in Rhode Is- land's major college division. Now, if someone would only throw a banquet and present Berman a duffel bag to carry all those trophies in . . . And starting in the goal . . . The next sports objective for George Plimpton is to take over in goal for the Boston Bruins. At least that's what the man who has played football for the Detroit Lions, basketball for the Celtics, and golf with Arnold Palmer told mem- bers of the Brown Rowing Association and the Narragansett Boat Club on his recent visit. "Maybe next fall I'll go up to one of those little towns with a name like Broken Arrow and learn to play the goal," he said. "Then I could come down and work in the cage for the Boston Bruins in an exhibition game against a really top offensive line, with the thought that I would stay in until scored upon. I might only last a minute, but then, again, it might be five minutes or ten." Plimpton, who was invited to Brown by his brother, Francis T. P. Plimpton, an administrative assistant in the bio- medical sciences department, said that when he played other people's sports his teammates always rise to extraordi- nary heights to make up for his defi- ciencies. The successful author (The Paper Lion and others) told about the day the Celtics sent him into an exhibition game against Atlanta as a substitute for John Havlicek. The Hawks were leading by 20 at the time, but the Celtics put on a whirlwind offense, in which Plimpton never touched the ball, and cut the lead to six — at which point Plimpton was taken out and Havlicek sent back in. After the Celtics had lost, Plimpton went up to Coach Bill Russell and told him he thought he'd made a mistake putting Havlicek back into the game. "It was a full two weeks before Bill spoke to me again," Plimpton said. Comments Bob McCullough '43, skipper of the Valiant in the 1970 trials for the Amer- ica's Cup, when asked if he had any sentimental tugs at giving the 12-meter yacht to Brown: "Well, there were a lot of boats I felt sentimental about in part- ing, but not Valiant. She wore me out trying to make her go." 35 The Classes f^ ^ The class is about to have its 70th \J ^ Reunion. Some five percent of the group lived more than 90 years, and six are still living. However, most are disabled and there will be no official reunion plans. The living members include: Tom Chaffee, George Innis, Al Sautiiiers, Warren Wil- marth, Ernest Baker, and Secretary Harold Colder. £\/^ Joe Smith has been elected a life ^^1^ member of the board of trustees of Miriam Hospital (Providence) "for con- tinued service over a period of years." f\P^ In the February issue, a note was \J / inserted in this column concerning the biography of The Rev. Merrick L. Streeter, written by his widow, Mary H. Streeter. In response to several requests, may we add that the price of the book is S2 and that it may be purchased from Mrs. Streeter at Londonderry Arms, 505 West Shore Road, Warwick, R.I. 02889. ^^Q \[yra M. Sampson is the author of \JZ^ ■^ History of the Watson Family ^ l"::':cnt in Northampton 1860-1948, pub- lished by the trustees of Forbes Library in Northampton, Mass. A copy of the book has been presented to the Rockefeller Library. »* ^ Unfortunately, the February issue JL^ of this magazine carried an incor- rect note in the 1913 column about a book published by Ceorge T. Metcalf. The note should have read as follows: George Met- calf is the compiler of a book entitled In Memoriam: Edward Deforest Metcalf, a memorial about his late son, Ted, who met a tragic death on Oct. 2, 1968 at the age of 44. It contains art work, poetry, and prose by Ted, along with a foreword and certain comments by George himself. In this vol- ume, a bereaved father has sought to col- lect and preserve representative examples of his son's talents as a writer and artist, "not because my son was a Picasso or Hemingway, but because I loved him very much, took a fatherly pride in his achieve- ments, however modest, and because I thought his closest friends might wish to have copies of these works." The 145-page volume has been issued by Vantage Press, New ^'ork. Copies of the book are available through Vantage Press at $3.75 each, or may be ordered through most book stores. Otto C. Pahline, ill recently, has taken up residency at the Presbyterian Nursing Home, 1150 West Market St., Akron, Ohio. His daughter reports that his mind and memory are still sharp, al- though he is not able to write at this time. Letters from classmates are welcome. »* ^ Our class has never missed a re- JL^J union, even in the so-called "off years." This year will be no exception. It's a matter of class pride that this tradition be continued. The plans are simple. We will have a social hour at the Hope Club on Friday afternoon at 5 p.m., moving from there to the Alumni Cocktail Party at the Wriston Quadrangle at 6 p.m. The Alumni Dinner will round out the day. If there is sufficient interest, we will get a class table of ten for the Pops Concert on Saturday evening. •^ py Everett House in the West Quad JL/ has been reserved for the men and women of '17 who plan to return to their Alma Mater for the 55th Reunion. Single and double-bed rooms are available at no cost to us. This is in the same quadrangle, just west of Poland House, where we met in 1967. Also reserved is our usual loca- tion at the Hope Club for the class social hour just prior to the Alumni Dinner. It has been voted to include the wives in all the events for 1972. Maurice W. Hollon, who spent many years in the banking business, is living in Warwick, R.I. When Maurice retired in 1964, he was vice-president of First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Prov- idence. He and Mrs. Holton have two sons and three grandchildren. Over the years, Maurice has been faithful at reunions, but he probably won't be able to make this one because of his health. Maybe some of us can go to him. Wally Wade has written a good letter from his home in Durham, N.C., a letter that brought memories of his famous foot- ball days. Wally was elected to the Brown Hall of Fame last fall. The Wades live on a small farm just outside Durham. »* rt Because of our increasingly small J.O numbers, off-year reunions are difficult to plan at this time. Therefore, we have decided to establish a basic format — a class dinner on Saturday night of each Commencement Weekend. This year's af- fair will be on Saturday, June 3. The sug- gestion was made by our president, Dwight Colley, who once again rode out the rav- ages of a New England winter in sunny New Mexico on the Pacific Ocean side. John S. Chafee has moved from his long-established home on Stimson Avenue to 221 Medway St., Providence. 7. Harold Willianis has completed an- other literary project, a history of the old church in his home town of West Barn- stable on Cape Cod. The very fine booklet on the life of our distinguished classmate, the late Prof. 7. Walter Wilson, has been completed and distributed to those who helped in its pro- duction. This group includes three Brown presidents, faculty associates, laboratory associates, and friends. The book is a fitting memorial to a fine person. Quite a few of our classmates either live in Florida, California, or Cape Cod. The Florida contingent includes Ken Par- ker, Ralph Cordon, Francis Metcalf, Char- lie McClellan, Dr. William Gafafer, William Chaplin, and Howard AUsopp. Based in California are Allison Miller, William Fay, Raymond Farnsworth, and Edward Butler. And down on old Cape Cod are Harold IVi/co.r, Dwight Colley, Elijah Anthony, Philip Newhall, and 7- Harold "Chief" Wil- liams. 4% 'f Howard G. Brewer has relhed ^UA. from his real estate and industrial financing concern in New York City. His mailing address: Box 7, Morris, N.Y. Olof "Curley" Oden was guest of honor at a testimonial dinner in February near his home in Cranston, R.I. Classmates Bill Brightman and Stan Smith were among those present, as were Orland Smith '27 and Cmdr. Thomas Hall '17. Former Rhode Island Governor Dennis Roberts was the main speaker and described Curley as "a fellow who is remembered because he touched a lot of people's lives along the way." ^ ^ If Chairman Joseph P. Marto has ^U^^ his way, the 50th will be a smash- ing success. The Poland House Headquar- ters will be the scene of the opening events, a cocktail party on Friday afternoon before members, their wives, and guests attend the Alumni Dinner. A special table has been reserved for the Campus Dance. There will be lunch at the Narragansett Boat Club Saturday noon, with photographer George Henderson coming by to take the class pic- ture. For those who survive this, there will be the Alumni Field Day in the afternoon at Aldrich-Dexter and then the class din- ner. Meanwhile, back at Carr's there will be a special dinner for the wives and a few tables at the popular Pops Concert Satur- day evening. One of the Sunday features will be the lunch at John D. Mitchell's Providence home. AH in all, it shapes up as a fine weekend. Assisting Chairman Marto are 7- Alden Cheshro, Sayles Gorham, Wil- liam Paxton, Williatn Prentiss, J. Wilbur Riker, Leo H. Rosen, and John Mitchell. ^ ^ Ralph D. Greene has retired from jii^ the American Cyanamid Com- pany's Calco Chemical Division in Bound Brook, N.J. <% Z' Gus Anthony reports that the class ^U'O will join with its Pembroke coun- terparts for a social hour at Littlefield Hall on the campus during Reunion Weekend. Further information will be mailed to each classmate. Myron Sulzberger, Jr., has changed his law offices to 655 Madison Ave., New York City. 36 A ^m Dr. Jasper S. Costn is professor ^^ J of business law in the College of Business Administration of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. 7o/!'! IV. Odin fias retired as manager of property underwriting for Aetna Cas- ualty & Surety in Los Angeles, Calif. Dorothy hi. Pope of Durham, N.C., continues as editor of the Parapsychology Press. Her husband, Ed, is head of account- ing in the department of community health sciences at the Duke University Medical Center. Helen A. Riiigipay is teaching on a part-time basis in the University of Cali- fornia's sponsored library-science program in San Francisco. She moved to California from Connecticut in 1964 so that she might be near her brother and his family. Carton S. Stallarii of Springfield, N.J., has yielded the top management post of one of the country's largest mortgage bank- ing firms to his son, Sefton Stallard '51 of New Vernon, N.J. The latter will now as- sume the title of chief executive officer of Jersey Mortgage Company, Elizabeth, N.J., while retaining the title of president. Car- ton joined the firm shortly after leaving Brown and rose through the executive ranks to become its top officer. In the proc- ess, he played a key role in the growth of the firm and became widely active on a na- tional scale in the mortgage-banking field. He is a past president of the Mortgage Bankers Association of America. Carton now divides his time between his office in Elizabeth and his leisure activities at Lost Tree Village in North Palm Beach, Fla. ^ Q Harrison VV. BuUard has retired as ^O president of Bullard Accounting Company, Inc., and is planning to lake things a bit easier. "I have no plans to be idle," he says, "as I will remain active in various church and civic affairs." Ralph B. Mills, president of the Stand- ard Engineering Works, Inc., Pawtucket, and the third generation of the Mills fam- ily to head the corporation, has been elected chairman of the board. His son, Ralph B. Mills, Jr., has been elected president. Copeland L. Setchell has been promoted to trust officer at the First Bristol County National Bank in Attleboro, Mass. He joined the bank in 1970 after serving for 40 years with the Industrial National Bank of Rhode Island. Nathan Sokoloff has joined State of Israel Bonds in Jersey City, N.J., as an area director of securities. <% ^\ Dr. F. Charles Hanson was elected ^Z7 one of the 173 Fellows of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology in January. Winthrop H. Richardsot^ has retired after 25 years of teaching languages — seven in California and 18 at South Kingstown (R.I.) High School. Prudence Skinner Wayland-Smith has been working with ex-migrant workers to help them and/or their children to get a college education. Prudy lives in Oneida, N.Y. Gertrude Annan: A classical scholar and a humanist' when Gertrude L. Annan '25 retired in 1970 as curator of the rare book room and librarian of the New York Academy of Medicine, her friends and associates wrote tributes to her career which were collected in a publication called The Academy Book- wan. These anecdote-laden testimonials cover every aspect of her work, from her achievements as an archivist to her admin- istrative talents. Paul F. Cranefield writes of Miss An- nan's skill in "providing the library with a magnificent collection of the rarest sort of all historical sources, the sort that vanishes beyond recall because it did not occur to anyone that it was worth keeping." Crane- field mentions one collecting coup during Miss Annan's tenure — a small pamphlet which is an abstract of a patent for Dr. Bateman's pectoral drops. Quite a few li- braries, he says, would give their entire rare book acquisition budget to have this particular pamphlet, since it happens to have been printed in New York in 1731 by John Peter Zenger. It was also through Miss Annan's ef- forts that The Medical Library Center of New York was established as a central re- pository for health services literature. With Center staff member Jacqueline W. Felter, she edited the third edition of the Hand- hook of Medical Practice, which was pub- lished in 1970. Miss Annan's contributions to scholar- ship also include more than 50 publications dealing with medical library collections, rare books, archives, and medical history. Dr. John H. Talbott wrote upon her retire- ment, "Miss Annan achieved an interna- tional reputation in organizing the Malloch Rare Book Library, New York Academy of Medicine, one of the greatest rare book collections in the Western world. . . . She remained a person having strong interest in human welfare, human values, and human dignity. She is a classical scholar and a humanist." Gertrude Annan retired to anything but a life of leisure. "I have been aston- ished," she says, "at the requests for my services as consultant, lecturer, or editor — chiefly, I think, stemming from the fact that today the emphasis, in scientific libraries particularly, has been so strongly on busi- ness management and the exciting new machines that the function of a library as an intellectual resource is in danger of be- ing forgotten. There are many rewarding fields for young people today — preservation, museums, archives, rare books in all sub- jects. "I often tell students that at the end of my sophomore year Dean Morriss recom- mended that I major in history. Oddly, I didn't give it a second thought and refused, yet a few years later I was introduced to an exciting world at the John Carter Brown Library. I was fortunate in having as teacher Lawrence Wroth, then librarian. "I suspect that much as I still love New England, I am a confirmed New Yorker. At Brown, I was lucky enough to participate in dramatics when Sally Barker was director and have always kept up my interest in the theater. I'm also interested in seeing some of the great ballet performances in New York. And where else can anyone find such wonderful restaurants of all kinds? I take a hand at some gourmet cooking, too, although unfortunately now of the low calorie kind. Just walking around New York on Madison Avenue by the galleries and going to the many marvelous museums is a great de- light." A.B. Gertrude Annan: A confirmed New Yorker. 37 'yg^ Df- Li7i