Babies Use Others’ Surprise to Reason about Hidden Objectstext_resourcesIn order to investigate whether infants understand an important epistemic aspect of surprise, that one is not typically surprised by the same information twice, we showed 17- to 24-month-old infants videos of one experimenter expressing repeated surprise while peering into different openings in a box and another experimenter expressing repeated happiness. The contents of the box were then revealed, with some infants seeing one toy and others seeing four. Infants who saw one toy looked longer after multiple surprise expressions compared to multiple happy expressions, while infants who saw four toys exhibited no difference in looking time at the different emotional conditions. This suggests that by 24 months of age, infants understand that surprise induces a change in epistemic state; multiple instances of surprise are unlikely to be elicited by the same information.Zitrin, ElianaAuthorLiu, DiAuthorFeigenson, LisaAuthor2024cognitionCognitive Psychologyepistemic statedevelopmental psychologyemotional expressionssurpriseinfantsexpectationshidden objectspostersAll rights reservedIn CopyrightAll Rights Reserved10.26300/1m5f-6791