Cais do Valongo/Valongo Wharf (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Unknown Historic site Wagner Tamanaha, Wagner (Flickr) Creator images photographs As the last nation in the Americas to officially abolish slavery in 1888, historians estimate that of the approximately 10.7 million enslaved persons brought to the Americas, as many as 50 percent arrived in Brazil. Valongo was the debarkation point for an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans. In July 2007 the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization added the wharf to its World Heritage List. The site consists of a number of archaeological layers, the lowest of which are the remains of the Valongo Wharf’s floor pavings. The bodies of the enslaved who died upon arrival in Brazil were burned, and chopped-up bones were buried in mass graves on a site near the wharf. Cais do Valongo site of a number of archaeological layers, the lowest of which are the remains of the Valongo Wharf’s floor pavings. Cais do Valongo/Valongo Wharf (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Brown University Library 1811-1831 1811 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) CC BY-SA 2.0 Collection is open for research. cais-do-valongo-rio-de-janeiro-2013 Brown University Library, Center for Digital Scholarship, Box A, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, U.S.A., (http://library.brown.edu/)