This thesis explores the precarious and uncertain position of slaves in Marseille during the long fourteenth century (approximately 1280-1430). It argues that in Marseille, the …
This thesis examines women’s synagogues––permanent spaces for women’s prayer that were distinct from the men’s prayer space, either in other rooms of the synagogue or …
By the beginning of the Hundred Years War in the fourteenth century, elite knights constructed their value system around chivalry. Knights held themselves and their …