The Genetic and Interactive Determinants of Physical Activity and the Biological Pathways Linking Physical Activity to Cardio-metabolic Health in Multiethnic Populations

Lin, Xiaochen

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Year:: 2017
Contributor:: Lin, Xiaochen (creator); Liu, Simin (Advisor); Huang, Yen-Tsung (Reader); Luo, Xi (Reader); Brown University. Department of Epidemiology (sponsor)
Genre:: theses
Subject:: Exercise
Extent:: 13, 157 p.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0GM85RK

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Abstract:: Guidelines recommend exercise for cardio-metabolic health, although evidence from trials linking exercise to cardio-metabolic health through intermediaries remains inconsistent. In Chapter 2, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials to assess the effects of exercise on a variety of traditional and novel biomarkers. We found that exercise may significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness and the profiles of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and hemostasis. The effects of exercise were modified by age, sex, and health status. Findings from this study have great implications for future design of targeted lifestyle interventions. Although increasing effort has been devoted to the promotion of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) for cardio‐metabolic health, specific evidence supporting health policy remains sparse, particularly in those ethnically diverse populations where cardio‐metabolic diseases are reaching epidemic proportion and yet are grossly understudied. In Chapter 3, we comprehensively evaluated the evidence about the effects of LTPA on cardio-metabolic parameters in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, the first multicenter cohort study of Brazilians focusing on cardio-metabolic diseases. We found that the favorable effects of LTPA were evident on a variety of cardio‐metabolic parameters. Also, the beneficial effects of LTPA on cardio‐metabolic health in this large Brazilian population are consistent with studies in North America and Europe. LTPA is a well-established modifiable factor that contributes substantially to cardio-metabolic health. However, whether and to what extent LTPA is affected by genetic factors remains unknown. In Chapter 4, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of three major cohorts in the US to unveil the genetic basis of LTPA. We identified two novel loci for African Americans and one for Caucasian Americans. We also found evidence for four previously reported loci. Fine-mapping and functional annotation showed that the confirmed loci may be involved in 1) the homeostatic drive coupled with the reward system and 2) the development and regulation of motor ability. These findings support the notion that genetic predisposition plays a critical role in determining LTPA, of which the biological and clinical implications warrants further investigation.
Notes:: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brown University, 2017

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Lin, Xiaochen, "The Genetic and Interactive Determinants of Physical Activity and the Biological Pathways Linking Physical Activity to Cardio-metabolic Health in Multiethnic Populations" (2017). Epidemiology Theses and Dissertations. Brown Digital Repository. Brown University Library. https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0GM85RK

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Epidemiology Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations for the Epidemiology department.
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