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Items (21-40) out of 175 results

Climate changes and human impacts in the North Atlantic over the last 2,000 years inferred from organic geochemical proxies and lacustrine archives

Description:
In the coming decades to centuries drastic changes in temperature and precipitation patterns pose new challenges for societies and ecosystems in the North Atlantic region. …
Year:
2020
Contributor:
Richter, Nora (creator)
Russell, James M. (Advisor)
Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. (Advisor)
Milliken, Ralph (Reader)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Paleoclimatology
Azores
Iceland
Paleoecology
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Climate changes and human impacts in the North Atlantic over the last 2,000 years inferred from organic geochemical proxies and lacustrine archives

Description:
In the coming decades to centuries drastic changes in temperature and precipitation patterns pose new challenges for societies and ecosystems in the North Atlantic region. …
Year:
2020
Contributor:
Richter, Nora (creator)
Russell, James M. (Advisor)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Milliken, Ralph (Reader)
Castañeda, Isla (Reader)
Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. (Advisor)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Paleoclimatology
Azores
Iceland
Paleoecology
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Climatic and ecological change in Arctic Alaska over the last 32,000 years inferred from lacustrine records and experiments

Description:
Continued development of organic geochemical proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions are proving invaluable for understanding climate dynamics and climate-ecosystem interactions. Here I investigate the utility of …
Year:
2017
Contributor:
Daniels, William (creator)
Russell, James (Advisor)
Giblin, Anne (Advisor)
Huang, Yongsong (Reader)
Milliken, Ralph (Reader)
Brigham-Grette, Julie (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Paleoclimatology
Arctic
paleolimnology
Organic geochemistry
Limnology
Plant ecophysiology
Plankton, Fossil
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Closure Temperature and Closure Pressure in Bi-Mineralic Systems with Applications to REE-in-Two-Mineral Thermobarometers

Description:
Thermal evolution of the planet interior is a fundamental problem in Earth and planetary sciences. Geothermobarometers and geospeedometers are powerful tools in studying the thermal …
Year:
2015
Contributor:
Yao, Lijing (creator)
Liang, Yan (Director)
Hirth, Greg (Reader)
Parman, Stephen (Reader)
Parmentier, Marc (Reader)
Saal, Alberto (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
closure temperature
closure pressure
bi-mineralic systems
REE-in-two-pyroxene thermometer
REE-in-garnet-clinopyroxene thermobarometer
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Clues to Martian Paleoclimate: Ice Reservoirs, Sediment Transport, and Depositional Environments

Description:
The history of Mars’ paleoclimate is explored using sedimentary records from both the Noachian and Amazonian periods. Sedimentary structures indicative of a progradational delta are …
Year:
2012
Contributor:
Schon, Samuel C (creator)
Head, James (Director)
Russell, James (Director)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Pieters, Carle (Reader)
Marchant, David (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
sediment deposition
ice reservoirs
Mars
climate
Sediment transport
Sedimentation and deposition
Climatology
Remote sensing
Mars (Planet)
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Cold-Climate (Periglacial) Landforms on the Earth and Mars: Geomorphic Evidence for Ice-Related Flow and Conditions for the Generation of Meltwater.

Description:
Under the current paradigm of Mars history, the planet is thought to have undergone a global climatic change, from relatively warm and wet conditions during …
Year:
2009
Contributor:
Morgan, Gareth A. (creator)
Head, James (director)
Pieters, Carle (reader)
Herbert, Timothy (reader)
Wyatt, Michael (reader)
Chicarro, Augustin (reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Mars
Gullies
Climate
Geomorphology
Glaciers
Climatology
Mars (Planet)
Antarctica
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Composition and Impact-Generated Structure of Planetary Crusts Revealed by Dimensionality Reduction: Moon & Mars

Description:
The increasing size and resolution of planetary datasets calls for analytical approaches that can resolve subtle patterns within complex, multidimensional data. Dimensionality-reduction methods, a branch …
Year:
2026
Contributor:
Hundal, Carol Beate (creator)
Mustard, John (Advisor)
Evans, Alexander (Advisor)
Daubar, Ingrid (Reader)
Dalton, Colleen (Reader)
Soderblom, Jason (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Dimension reduction (Statistics)
Impact craters
Moon
Planetary science
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Compositional Diversity of the Moon's Anorthositic Crust: Integrating Remote Observations with Laboratory Measurements of Analogue Materials Under Simulated Lunar Conditions

Description:
Did the Moon's primary anorthositic crust form from a global magma ocean or a series of smaller magmatic events? The integrated analyses of near and …
Year:
2013
Contributor:
Donaldson Hanna, Kerri Leann (creator)
Pieters, Carle (Director)
Mustard, John (Director)
Head, James (Reader)
Parman, Stephen (Reader)
Neal, Clive (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Lunar Surface Compositions
Spectroscopy
Simulated Lunar Environment
Spectrum analysis
Plagioclase
Anorthosite
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Controls and Limitations of Dynamic Frictional Weakening by Thermal Pressurization in Localized Faults

Description:
Dynamic friction during earthquakes, sliding at seismic slip velocities, is interpreted to be low (<0.1). Thermal pressurization of pore fluids (or simply TP) is widely expected to be activated and dominant during earthquakes, though due to the intricate boundary conditions of TP it is rarely observed and studied in controlled laboratory conditions. This thesis explores the controls and limitations of TP through laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations. TP is activated in velocity-step experiments on water-saturated, low-permeability (<10-19 m^2) Frederik diabase saw-cut faults. The diabase samples are thermally-cracked and their permeability is measured before the friction experiments. Dynamic frictional weakening is short-lived in bare surface faults but is more persistent in wider, gouge-filled faults. Friction decreases by up to 52% of its initial value at relatively modest fault slip velocities of 2.5 mm/s, which suggest that TP may be activated in the early stages of fault slip in natural fault zones. Friction transitions during these experiments from weakening to strengthening and over successive TP events, implying that the hydraulic diffusivity of the fault rocks increase during TP. Stress calculations and measurements show that tensile stresses are induced during TP in the experimental faults, which promote microcrack dilation, which correlates with an increase in hydraulic diffusivity. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that key parameters that control TP evolve considerably during TP, as temperatures and effective stress change in the fault zone. Specifically, the pressurization factor, which controls fluid pressurization, is highly sensitive to temperature, where at high temperatures (>350℃) it decreases continuously due to an increase in fluid …</0.1).>
Year:
2022
Contributor:
Badt, Nir Zeev (creator)
Tullis, Terry (Advisor)
Hirth, Greg (Advisor)
Huber, Christian (Reader)
Fox-Kemper, Baylor (Reader)
Goldsby, David (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Geophysics
Earthquakes
Friction
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Controls on the Freezing, Fracture, and Evolution of Icy Ocean Worlds

Description:
Icy worlds are amongst the highest priority destinations for the search for signs of extant or extinct life beyond Earth, as well as a diverse …
Year:
2023
Contributor:
Nathan, Erica (creator)
Huber, Christian (Advisor)
Head, James (Advisor)
Fischer, Karen (Reader)
Hirth, Greg (Reader)
Birch, Sam (Reader)
Howell, Samuel (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Geophysics
Planetary science
icy moons
Uranus (Planet)--Titania (Satellite)
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Cross-Over Infrared Spectroscopy: A New Tool for the Remote Detection and Characterization of Silicate Minerals

Description:
Detecting minerals and determining their compositions is fundamental for reconstructing thermal and chemical evolution of the lunar crust. Estimating Mg-Fe composition of mafic minerals and …
Year:
2022
Contributor:
Kremer, Christopher Henry (creator)
Mustard, John (Advisor)
Pieters, Carle (Reader)
Parman, Steve (Reader)
Russell, Jim (Reader)
Hayne, Paul (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Geology
Remote sensing
Infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Planetary science
thermal infrared spectroscopy
Mineralogy
Near infrared spectroscopy
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Decadal to Orbital Scale Climate Change in the Indian Ocean Region: Precipitation Isotopic Perspectives from East Africa and Indonesia

Description:
Climate variability in the Indian Ocean region affects the livelihoods of billions of people. Paleoclimate reconstructions can provide critical insights into the fundamental oceanic-atmospheric processes …
Year:
2014
Contributor:
Konecky, Bronwen L (creator)
Russell, James (Director)
Prell, Warren (Reader)
Huang, Yongsong (Reader)
Fischer, Karen (Reader)
Vuille, Mathias (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
paleoclimate
East Africa
biomarkers
climate change
tropical climate
Indian Ocean region
Paleoclimatology
Paleolimnology
Stable isotopes
Biochemical markers
Climatic changes
Africa, Eastern
Indonesia
Indian Ocean Region
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Dehydration-Induced Weakening at Sub-Seismic and Seismic Strain-Rates and Experimental Constraints on the Rheology of Serpentine and Olivine at Mantle Pressures

Description:
Serpentine is a common mineral in many seismically active regions of the crust and mantle. In this dissertation, rock deformation experiments were conducted on serpentine …
Year:
2016
Contributor:
Proctor, Brooks Pierce (creator)
Hirth, Greg (Director)
Cooper, Reid (Reader)
Forsyth, Don (Reader)
Saal, Alberto (Reader)
Goldsby, David (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
dehydration weakening
pressure solution
Serpentine
Friction
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Detangling the processes recorded in ice: Geomorphic and hyperspectral analysis of Mars’ north polar spiral troughs

Description:
A primary motivation for exploring Mars is its likeness to Earth; in particular, the fact it had flowing water once on its surface. Studying the …
Year:
2021
Contributor:
Pascuzzo, Alyssa Christine (creator)
Mustard, John (Advisor)
Milliken, Ralph (Reader)
Daubar, Ingrid (Reader)
Huber, Christian (Reader)
Calvin, Wendy (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Spectroscopy
Mars (Planet)
Ice
Polar regions
Geomorphology
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Development and Application of Lacustrine Alkenone Paleothermometry in Southwestern Greenland

Description:
Alkenones are lipids produced by certain haptophyte algae and are excellent sensors of temperature change. This dissertation investigates the stable isotopic and organic geochemical aspects …
Year:
2009
Contributor:
D'Andrea, William J (creator)
Huang, Yongsong (Director)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Russell, Jim (Reader)
Saal, Alberto (Reader)
Oppo, Delia (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
alkenone
biomarker
climate
holocene
paleoclimate
Biochemical markers
Isotopes
Climatology
Holocene Geologic Period
Limnology
Paleoclimatology
Greenland
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Development and Application of Organic Biomarkers to Continental Paleoclimate Problems in the Interior of North America

Description:
Today, more than any preceding time, understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in climate is imperative due to the extremes to which we, …
Year:
2011
Contributor:
Toney, Jaime Lynn (creator)
Huang, Yongsong (Director)
Russell, James (Reader)
Mustard, John (Reader)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Shuman, Bryan (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
biomarkers
paleoclimate
haptophyte
leaf wax
paleolimnology Northe
Biochemical markers
Paleoclimatology
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Diffusion, Dissolution and Defects: The Application of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics to Geological Materials

Description:
Geological materials in nature and in the lab are often subjected to intense driving forces created by large gradients in thermodynamic potentials. Under such conditions, …
Year:
2012
Contributor:
Burgess, Katherine D (creator)
Cooper, Reid (Director)
Forsyth, Donald (Reader)
Rutherford, Malcolm (Reader)
Saal, Alberto (Reader)
Watson, E. (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
extended defects
ghost plagioclase
amorphous immiscibility
TEM
submarine basaltic glass
RBS
Olivine
Oxidation
Royal Bank of Scotland
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Disentangling Primary and Diagenetic Signals in Remotely Sensed Sedimentary Rock Records: Lessons from Earth and Mars

Description:
A wealth of missions to Mars have shown sedimentary rocks are widespread and diverse across its surface. Traditional approaches to interpreting the terrestrial sedimentary rock …
Year:
2024
Contributor:
Coronado, Melissa Jean (creator)
Milliken, Ralph (Advisor)
Mustard, Jack (Reader)
Tsai, Victor (Reader)
Robertson, Kevin (Reader)
Bellian, Jerome (Reader)
Brown University. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Remote sensing
Mars (Planet)
Sedimentology
Mineralogy
Near infrared spectroscopy
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Diversity and Ecology of Lacustrine Haptophyte Algae: Implications for Paleothermometry

Description:
This thesis investigates the diversity and ecology of alkenone-producing haptophyte algae. Focusing on lake-dwelling haptophytes, this thesis describes the paleoclimate implications of haptophyte diversity. Additionally, …
Year:
2013
Contributor:
Theroux, Susanna (creator)
Huang, Yongsong (Director)
Amaral-Zettler, Linda (Director)
Herbert, Timothy (Reader)
Russell, James (Reader)
Coolen, Marco (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Paleoclimate
Haptophytes
Alkenones
Paleoclimatology
Paleolimnology
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Dynamics of Melt-Lithosphere Interaction

Description:
This body of research uses numerical models to investigate the dynamics of melt generation in the asthenosphere, accumulation at the base of the lithosphere by …
Year:
2015
Contributor:
Havlin, Christopher John (creator)
Parmentier, Edgar (Director)
Hirth, James (Reader)
Fischer, Karen (Reader)
Saal, Alberto (Reader)
Buck, Roger (Reader)
Brown University. Geological Sciences (sponsor)
Genre:
theses
Subject:
Melt migration
dike propagation
lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
continental rifting
Two-phase flow
Language:
English
Collection:
Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Theses and Dissertations
Full Record

Items (21-40) out of 175 results