Exposure of the developing fetus to harmful chemicals, such as xenoestrogens, heavy metals, alcohol, and cigarette smoke, is associated with poor fetal and developmental outcomes. …
Poor-quality in utero environments are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and susceptibility to early and later life disease. The overarching hypothesis of this work is …
The placenta plays a crucial role during pregnancy, yet it remains one of the least understood human organs. Trophoblast cells comprise the placenta with functions …