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Year:: 2016
Contributor:: Siegel, Emily R. (author); Helfand, Stephen (advisor); Reenan, Robert (reader)
Genre:: theses
Subject:: RNA; Piwi genes; Drosophila; Homeostasis
Extent:: 40 p.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0G44NQK

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Abstract:: Transposable elements (TEs) are parasitic mobile sequences of DNA that proliferate throughout host genomes by replicating and reinserting themselves into new regions of DNA. This process can result in insertional mutagenesis and therefore disrupt normal gene function. However, molecular defenses involving small RNAs (smRNAs) mediate silencing of these TEs thereby preserving genomic integrity. The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway silences TEs primarily in the gonads of metazoans where it serves a vital role during gametogenesis and development. Here we provide evidence that a somatic piRNA pathway is present and functional in the adult Drosophila abdominal fat body and that this pathway is necessary for normal fat body function. As an analogue to the adipose tissue, liver, and immune system of vertebrates, the fat body is an important tissue for energy storage and metabolic homeostasis. Mutants of the piRNA pathway show depletion of piRNAs and increased TE activity in the fat body as well as reduced lipid and glycogen reserves. piwi mutants also exhibit sensitivity to starvation, are immunologically compromised, and have shortened lifespans. Our discovery of a role for the piRNA pathway in a somatic tissue of the fly has implications for future interventions that may help to suppress TE activation, maintain somatic tissue function, and promote healthy lifespan.
Notes:: Concentration: Biology (ScB) Cell and Molecular Biology

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Rights: In Copyright
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Siegel, Emily R., "A somatic piRNA pathway in the fat body of Drosiphila melanogaster ensures metabolic homeostasis and organismal health" (2016). Biology and Medicine Theses and Dissertations, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Theses and Dissertations. Brown Digital Repository. Brown University Library. https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0G44NQK

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A somatic piRNA pathway in the fat body of Drosiphila melanogaster ensures metabolic homeostasis and organismal health